Drone STEM Education: Revolutionizing Learning for the Future

Abbas, A., Zhang, Z., Zheng, H., Alami, M. M., Alrefaei, A. F., Abbas, Q., Naqvi, S. A. H., Rao, M. J., Mosa, W. F. A., Abbas, Q., Hussain, A., Hassan, M. Z., & Zhou, L. (2023). Drones in Plant Disease Assessment, Efficient Monitoring, and Detection: A Way Forward to Smart Agriculture. Agronomy, 13(6), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061524
Abbass, M. A. B., & Kang, H.-S. (2023). Drone Elevation Control Based on Python-Unity Integrated Framework for Reinforcement Learning Applications. Drones, 7(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones7040225
Abd Kharim, M., Mokhtar, S., Kayat, F., Ywih, C., Wahab, I., Mohamed Redwan, R., Mahmud, M., Amsyar, S., Mat, K., Md Zain, N., Rusli, N. D., Harun, H., Bakar, T., Mohamad Nor, M., & Zakaria, S. (2024). Agrotechnology Students’ Acceptance on Agriculture Drones Spraying as Practical Tool in Class using the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Model. International Journal of Advanced Research in Food Science and Agriculture Technology, 1, 31–44. https://doi.org/10.37934/fsat.1.1.3144
Abichandani, P., Lobo, D., Dimitrijevic, B., Borgaonkar, A., Sodhi, J., Kabrawala, S., Brateris, D., & Kam, M. (2024). Competition-based active learning instruction for drone education. Interactive Learning Environments, 32(5), 1795–1813. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2022.2128821
Akasheh, F., Shannon, D., Pippins, R., Thompson, E., Carter, A., Baker, S., & Guiseppi, B. (2022, July 27). Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Modular Drone Design Development by Multidisciplinary Engineering Student Team Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Modular Quadcopter Drone Design Development by Multidisciplinary Engineering Student Team. ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition. https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2--42122
Al-Haddad, L. A., Jaber, A. A., Giernacki, W., Khan, Z. H., Ali, K. M., Tawafik, M. A., & Humaidi, A. J. (2024). Quadcopter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Structural Design Using an Integrated Approach of Topology Optimization and Additive Manufacturing. Designs, 8(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/designs8030058
Aliloo, J., Abbasi, E., Karamidehkordi, E., Ghanbari Parmehr, E., & Canavari, M. (2024). Dos and Don’ts of using drone technology in the crop fields. Technology in Society, 76, 102456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102456
Amenyo, J.-T., Kpo, W., Amenyo, J.-T., & Kpo, W. (2023). Leveraging Programmable Educational Drones, Robots and AI for Learning STEM, Computational Thinking and Higher Order Thinking in Schools in Rural Villages. In Drones—Various Applications. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1002465
Arafat, M., Budiyanto, C., Yuana, R., & Fenyvesi, K. (2024). Implementation of Integrated STEM Learning in Educational Robotics towards 21st Century Skills: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 12, 1127–1141. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.4271
Askerbekov, D., Garza-Reyes, J. A., Roy Ghatak, R., Joshi, R., Kandasamy, J., & Luiz de Mattos Nascimento, D. (2024). Embracing drones and the Internet of drones systems in manufacturing – An exploration of obstacles. Technology in Society, 78, 102648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102648
Ayamga, M., Akaba, S., & Nyaaba, A. A. (2021). Multifaceted applicability of drones: A review. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 167, 120677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120677
Bai, O., Chu, H., & Al, E. (2021). Drones in Education: A Critical Review. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(11), Article 11. https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i11.6107
Bermúdez, A., Casado, R., Fernández, G., Guijarro, M., & Olivas, P. (2019). Drone challenge: A platform for promoting programming and robotics skills in K-12 education. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 16(1), 1729881418820425. https://doi.org/10.1177/1729881418820425
Bhat, G. R., Dudhedia, M. A., Panchal, R. A., Shirke, Y. S., Angane, N. R., Khonde, S. R., Khedkar, S. P., Pansare, J. R., Bere, S. S., Wahul, R. M., & Gawande, S. H. (2024). Autonomous drones and their influence on standardization of rules and regulations for operating–A brief overview. Results in Control and Optimization, 14, 100401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rico.2024.100401
Bhuyan, J., Wu, F., Thomas, C., Koong, K., Won Hur, J., & Wang, C. (2020). Aerial Drone: An Effective Tool to Teach Information Technology and Cybersecurity through Project Based Learning to Minority High School Students in the U.S. TechTrends?: For Leaders in Education & Training, 64(6), 899–910. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-020-00502-7
Bine, L. M. S., Boukerche, A., Ruiz, L. B., & Loureiro, A. A. F. (2024). Connecting Internet of Drones and Urban Computing: Methods, protocols and applications. Computer Networks, 239, 110136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2023.110136
Bolick, M., Mikhailova, E., & Post, C. (2022). Teaching Innovation in STEM Education Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Education Sciences, 12, 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12030224
Buchelt, A., Adrowitzer, A., Kieseberg, P., Gollob, C., Nothdurft, A., Eresheim, S., Tschiatschek, S., Stampfer, K., & Holzinger, A. (2024). Exploring artificial intelligence for applications of drones in forest ecology and management. Forest Ecology and Management, 551, 121530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121530
Burgett, J. (2023). An Online Drone Course for Construction Management Students: Curriculum, Simulation, and Certifications. Proceedings of 59th Annual Associated Schools of Construction International Conference, 65–55. https://doi.org/10.29007/4cj8
Cañas, J. M., Martín-Martín, D., Arias, P., Vega, J., Roldán-Álvarez, D., García-Pérez, L., & Fernández-Conde, J. (2020). Open-Source Drone Programming Course for Distance Engineering Education. Electronics, 9(12), Article 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122163
Cardona Reyes, H., Trujillo-Espinoza, C., Mercado, C., & Muñoz-Arteaga, J. (2021). Training of Drone Pilots through Virtual Reality Environments under the Gamification Approach in a University Context. Interaction Design and Architecture(s), 64–83. https://doi.org/10.55612/s-5002-049-004
Chan, J. H., Liu, K., Chen, Y., Sagar, A. S. M. S., & Kim, Y.-G. (2024). Reinforcement learning-based drone simulators: Survey, practice, and challenge. Artificial Intelligence Review, 57(10), 281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-10933-w
Ching Wang, S. I., Zhi Feng Liu, E., Huang, Y. Y., & Yu Sang, H. (2024). When Drone Meets AI Education: Boosting High School Students’ Computational Thinking and AI Literacy. 2024 Pacific Neighborhood Consortium Annual Conference and Joint Meetings (PNC), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.23919/PNC63053.2024.10697362
Choi, H.-W., Kim, H.-J., Kim, S.-K., & Na, W. S. (2023). An Overview of Drone Applications in the Construction Industry. Drones, 7(8), Article 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones7080515
Chou, P.-N. (2018). Smart Technology for Sustainable Curriculum: Using Drone to Support Young Students’ Learning. Sustainability, 10(10), Article 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103819
Dahri, N. A., Al-Rahmi, W. M., Almogren, A. S., Yahaya, N., Vighio, M. S., & Al-Maatuok, Q. (2023). Mobile-Based Training and Certification Framework for Teachers’ Professional Development. Sustainability, 15(7), Article 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075839
Dayakar K., H. Kajol, & Karthik Reddy. (2024). Modeling And 3D Printing Of Drone Frame. International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology, 11(10). https://doi.org/10.17148/IARJSET.2024.111029
de Koff, J. P. (2023). Effectiveness of a remote pilot certification training for agricultural professionals. Natural Sciences Education, 52(2), e20121. https://doi.org/10.1002/nse2.20121
Demetroulis, E. A., Theodoropoulos, A., Wallace, M., Poulopoulos, V., & Antoniou, A. (2023). Collaboration Skills in Educational Robotics: A Methodological Approach—Results from Two Case Studies in Primary Schools. Education Sciences, 13(5), Article 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13050468
Dieker, L. A., Butler, M. B., Ortiz, E., & Gao, S. (2021). Reflecting upon 30 Years of STEM Partnerships between Industry, University, and Public Schools: Past Lessons, Current Successes, and Future Dreams. Education Sciences, 11(12), Article 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11120760
Djatmiko, I., Yatmono, S., & Nugraha, A. (2021). Development and Effectiveness of Drone as a Learning Media in Islamic Boarding School. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2111, 012011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2111/1/012011
Do, H.-N., Do, B. N., & Nguyen, M. H. (2023). 3How do constructivism learning environments generate better motivation and learning strategies? The Design Science Approach. Heliyon, 9(12), e22862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22862
Duraj, S., Pepkolaj, L., & Hoxha, G. (2021). Adopting Drone Technology in Mathematical Education. 3rd International Congress on Human-Computer Interaction, Optimization and Robotic Applications (HORA), 7. https://doi.org/10.1109/HORA52670.2021.9461297
Edulakanti, S. R., & Ganguly, S. (2023). Review article: The emerging drone technology and the advancement of the Indian drone business industry. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 34(2), 100464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hitech.2023.100464
Emimi, M., Khaleel, M., & Alkrash, A. (2023). The Current Opportunities and Challenges in Drone Technology. International Journal of Electrical Engineeringand Sustainability (IJEES), 1, 74–89.
Gholami, A. (2024). Exploring Drone Classifications and Applications: A Review. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 9, 418–442. https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.1428724
Hafeez, A., Husain, M. A., Singh, S. P., Chauhan, A., Khan, Mohd. T., Kumar, N., Chauhan, A., & Soni, S. K. (2023). Implementation of drone technology for farm monitoring & pesticide spraying: A review. Information Processing in Agriculture, 10(2), 192–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inpa.2022.02.002
Halin, A., & Abd. Manan, Mohd. S. (2024). Drones and Technopreneurship in Malaysia: Unlocking the Economic Potential of Drones in Built Environment Development. International Journal of Business and Technopreneurship (IJBT), 14, 283–302. https://doi.org/10.58915/ijbt.v14i3.1041
Hall, O., & Wahab, I. (2021). The Use of Drones in the Spatial Social Sciences. Drones, 5(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones5040112
Haritha, D. G., & Rao, D. R. (2024). A Holistic Approach to Professional Development: Integrating Kolb\’s Experiential Learning Theory for Soft Skills Mastery. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, 37(Special Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.16920/jeet/2024/v37is2/24069
Haruna, U. I. (2015). The Need for an Effective Collaboration across Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) Fields for a Meaningful Technological Development in Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(25), 16–21.
Hasan, M. (2024). Applications of Virtual Labs in Engineering (SSRN Scholarly Paper 4795012). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4795012
Hussain, A. H., Ummihusna, A., Wahi, W., Eni, S., & Mohamed Sultan, A. A. (2024). Droneducation: Empowering Tomorrow’s Workforce through IR4.0-based Curriculum. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i1/20583
Janke, C., Lin, Y., Luthi, K., & Kleinke, S. (2022, May 22). Using Small UAS for STEM Education: Introducing Robotics and Mechatronics with Drones. Florida Conference for Recent Advances in Robotics 2022. https://doi.org/10.5038/QQGN3785
Jemali, N. J. N., Rahim, A. A., Rosly, M. R. M., Susanti, S., Daliman, S., Muhamamad, M., & Karim, M. F. A. (2022). Adopting drone technology in STEM education for rural communities. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1064(1), 012017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1064/1/012017
Jiang, M., Jong, M., Chai, C., Huang, B., Chen, G., Lo, C. K., & Wong, F. (2024). They believe students can fly: A scoping review on the utilization of drones in educational settings. Computers & Education, 220, 105113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105113
Jiménez López, J., & Mulero-Pázmány, M. (2019). Drones for Conservation in Protected Areas: Present and Future. Drones, 3(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones3010010
Jin, Z., Bai, Y., Song, W., Yu, Q., Yue, X., & Jia, X. (2024). DVRT: Design and evaluation of a virtual reality drone programming teaching system. Computers & Graphics, 125, 104114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2024.104114
Kabashkin, I., Misnevs, B., & Zervina, O. (2023). Artificial Intelligence in Aviation: New Professionals for New Technologies. Applied Sciences, 13(21), Article 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132111660
Kalyani, D. (2024). The Role of Technology in Education: Enhancing Learning Outcomes and 21st Century Skills. International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology, 3, 05–10. https://doi.org/10.59828/ijsrmst.v3i4.199
Koç, D., Seçkin, A. Ç., & Sat?, Z. E. (2021). Evaluation of Participant Success in Gamified Drone Training Simulator Using Brain Signals and Key Logs. Brain Sciences, 11(8), 1024. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11081024
Konstantoudakis, K., Christaki, K., Tsiakmakis, D., Sainidis, D., Albanis, G., Dimou, A., & Daras, P. (2022). Drone Control in AR: An Intuitive System for Single-Handed Gesture Control, Drone Tracking, and Contextualized Camera Feed Visualization in Augmented Reality. Drones, 6(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6020043
Kutynska, A., & Dei, M. (2023). Legal Regulation of the Use of Drones: Human Rights and Privacy Challenges. Journal of International Legal Communication, 8, 39–55. https://doi.org/10.32612/uw.27201643.2023.8.pp.39-55
Kuzma, J., Robinson, A., Dobson, K., & Law, J. (2018). Practical Pedagogy for Embedding Drone Technology into a Business and Computing Curriculum. Journal of Education and Human Development, 7, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.15640/jehd.v7n3a1
Lee, D., Hess, D. J., & Heldeweg, M. A. (2022). Safety and privacy regulations for unmanned aerial vehicles: A multiple comparative analysis. Technology in Society, 71, 102079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102079
Li, Y., Wang, K., Xiao, Y., Froyd, J. E., & Nite, S. B. (2020). Research and trends in STEM education: A systematic analysis of publicly funded projects. International Journal of STEM Education, 7(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-020-00213-8
Lindgren, P., & Ljungblad, S. (2024). Drones as Accessibility Probes in Able-Bodied Norms: Insights from People with Lived Experiences of Disabilities. Designing Interactive Systems Conference, 2946–2957. https://doi.org/10.1145/3643834.3661580
Lobo, D., Patel, D., Morainvile, J., Shekhar, P., & Abichandani, P. (2021). Preparing Students for Drone Careers Using Active Learning Instruction. IEEE Access, 9, 126216–126230. IEEE Access. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3110578
Lu, J., Dawod, A., & Ying, F. (2023). From traditional to digital: The impact of drones and virtual reality technologies on educational models in the post-epidemic era. Sustainable Engineering and Innovation, 5, 261–280. https://doi.org/10.37868/sei.v5i2.id233
Lu, J., Dawod, A., & Ying, F. (2024a). Transformation of Digital Innovation in Education in the Post-covid Era: An Exploration Centered on Drones and Virtual Reality. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi, 8, 436–451. https://doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v8i2.37133
Lu, J., Dawod, A., & Ying, F. (2024b, March 15). Effects of Drone Technology and Virtual Reality on Student Engagement, Visual Attention, and Learning Experience. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Communication, IoT, Data Engineering and Security, IACIDS 2023. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.23-11-2023.2343184
Maina Mwaura, F. (2024). The Use of Drones in Environmental Monitoring and Conservation. Research Invention Journal of Biological and Applied Sciences.
Marougkas, A., Troussas, C., Krouska, A., & Sgouropoulou, C. (2023). Virtual Reality in Education: A Review of Learning Theories, Approaches and Methodologies for the Last Decade. Electronics, 12(13), Article 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132832
Marshall, S. L., & Galey-Horn, S. (2024). STEM leaders promoting resilience within equity-centered K-12 STEM education organizations. Frontiers in Education, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1331358
Marzuki, O. F., Lih, E., Abdullah, W., Khairuddin, N., Inai, N., MD Saad, J., & Aziz, M. (2024). Innovating Education: A Comprehensive Review of STEM Education Approaches. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v13-i1/20490
Marzuki, O. F., Teo, E., & Rafie, A. (2021). The Mechanism of Drone Seeding Technology: A Review. Malaysian Forester, 84, 349–358.
Mathieson, D., Cotrupi, C., Schilling, M., & Grohs, J. (2023). Resiliency through partnerships: Prioritizing STEM workforce pathways amid macro challenges. School Science and Mathematics, 123(3), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssm.12575
Mendes, E., Albeaino, G., Brophy, P., Gheisari, M., & Jeelani, I. (2022). Working Safely with Drones: A Virtual Training Strategy for Workers on Heights. Construction Research Congress 2022, 622–630. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784483985.063
Mohd Daud, S. M. S., Mohd Yusof, M. Y. P., Heo, C. C., Khoo, L. S., Chainchel Singh, M. K., Mahmood, M. S., & Nawawi, H. (2022). Applications of drone in disaster management: A scoping review. Science & Justice, 62(1), 30–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2021.11.002
Moon, S., & Ock, J. (2023). Developing the Framework of Drone Curriculum to Educate the Drone Beginners in the Korean Construction Industry. Drones, 7(6), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones7060356
Nair, V. G., D’Souza, J. M., S, A. C., & Rafikh, R. M. (2024). A Scoping Review on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Disaster Management: Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC), 5(6), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.18196/jrc.v5i6.22596
Ng, W., & Cheng, G. (2019). Integrating Drone Technology in STEM Education: A Case Study to Assess Teachers’ Readiness and Training Needs. Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 16, 061–070. https://doi.org/10.28945/4288
Obiuto, N. C., Festus-Ikhuoria, I. C., Olajiga, O. K., & Adebayo, R. A. (2024). Reviewing the Role of AI in Drone Technology and Applications. Computer Science & IT Research Journal, 5(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v5i4.1019
Pal, O. K., Shovon, M. S. H., Mridha, M. F., & Shin, J. (2024). In-depth review of AI-enabled unmanned aerial vehicles: Trends, vision, and challenges. Discover Artificial Intelligence, 4(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00209-1
Palid, O., Cashdollar, S., Deangelo, S., Chu, C., & Bates, M. (2023). Inclusion in practice: A systematic review of diversity-focused STEM programming in the United States. International Journal of STEM Education, 10(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-022-00387-3
Pereyra Irujo, G., Bernaldo, P., Velazquez, L., Pérez, A., Molina Favero, C., & Egozcue, A. (2023). Open Science Drone Toolkit: Open source hardware and software for aerial data capture. PLOS ONE, 18, e0284184. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284184
Pergantis, P., & Drigas, A. (2024). The Effect of Drones in the Educational Process: A Systematic Review. Education Sciences, 14(6), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14060665
Rahman, M. J. B. A., Hashim, H. B. N., Ensimau, N. K., & Majid, M. Z. A. (2024). Application of Drone Technology in Learning Process Strategies. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(8), 784–791.
Rahmani, H., & Weckman, G. R. (2024). Working under the Shadow of Drones: Investigating Occupational Safety Hazards among Commercial Drone Pilots. IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors, 12(1–2), 55–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/24725838.2023.2251009
Rajak, P., Ganguly, A., Adhikary, S., & Bhattacharya, S. (2023). Internet of Things and smart sensors in agriculture: Scopes and challenges. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 14, 100776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100776
Reddy, E., Hoople, G., & Choi-Fitzpatrick, A. (2019). Drones for good: Interdisciplinary project-based learning between engineering and peace studies. International Journal of Engineering Education, 35, 1378–1391.
Rogers, S. R., Singh, K. K., Mathews, A. J., & Cummings, A. R. (2022). Drones and Geography: Who Is Using Them and Why? The Professional Geographer, 74(3), 516–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2021.2000446
Ryu, J., LaPaglia, S., & Walters, R. (2020). Idaho Drone League (iDrone) to Stimulate STEM workforce. Journal of STEM Education: Innovations and Research, 21(2). https://www.jstem.org/jstem/index.php/JSTEM/article/view/2384
Sadiku, M. N. O., Oteniya, M., Sadiku, J. O., & Abunene, S. (2024). Drones in Education. International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications (IJLERA), 9(8).
Sholihah, M., Ratnasari, K., Permatasari, Y., Muawanah, U., & Fajri, A. (2020). The policy of educators’ certification: An effort to improve quality, qualification, and teachers’ competence. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 485, 012130. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/485/1/012130
Singh, P., Murthy, V., Kumar, D., & Raval, S. (2024). A comprehensive review on application of drone, virtual reality and augmented reality with their application in dragline excavation monitoring in surface mines. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 15(1), 2327399. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2024.2327399
Slater, T. F. (2024). Identifying Implementation Strategies for Integrating Drones into STEM and Career Technology Education CTE Programs. Education Sciences, 14(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14010105
Somerville, A., Lynar, T., Joiner, K., & Wild, G. (2024). Use of Simulation for Pre-Training of Drone Pilots. Drones, 8, 640. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8110640
Soori, M., Arezoo, B., & Dastres, R. (2023). Artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning in advanced robotics, a review. Cognitive Robotics, 3, 54–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogr.2023.04.001
Sørensen, L. Y., Jacobsen, L. T., & Hansen, J. P. (2017). Low Cost and Flexible UAV Deployment of Sensors. Sensors, 17(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17010154
Stavropoulos, P., Athanasopoulou, L., Papacharalampopoulos, A., Kanellopoulos, I., & Mourtzis, D. (2022). Augmented Reality tool for the facilitation of the UAV flight inspection process during aircraft de-icing as a maintenance procedure. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 55(10), 976–982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.09.480
Stierlin, N., Risch, M., & Risch, L. (2024). Current Advancements in Drone Technology for Medical Sample Transportation. Logistics, 8(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics8040104
Sze, S. N., Phang, P., Tiong, W. K., Chiew, K. L., Wee, B. L., Goh, S. L., Bakar, S. A. A., & Hardi, R. (2025). Digital Drone Education in Sarawak: Enhancing STEM Learning through Hands-on Training for School Students. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 53(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.53.2.19
Szóstak, M., Mahamadu, A.-M., Prabhakaran, A., Caparros Pérez, D., & Agyekum, K. (2024). Development and testing of immersive virtual reality environment for safe unmanned aerial vehicle usage in construction scenarios. Safety Science, 176, 106547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106547
Toribio, C. B., Chua, A., Espinola, J., Lacaden, J., & Ignacio, J. (2019). Virtual Simulations for Drone Education of Senior High School Students. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), 8(6S3tori), 220–226. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.F1036.0986S319
Tran, T.-H., & Nguyen, D.-D. (2022). Management and Regulation of Drone Operation in Urban Environment: A Case Study. Social Sciences, 11(10), Article 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11100474
Tu?rul, K. M. (2023). Drone Technologies and Applications. In Drones—Various Applications. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1001987
Unger, D. R., Kulhavy, D. L., Hung, I.-K., Williams, V., Zhang, Y., Viegut, R., Unger, D. R., Kulhavy, D. L., Hung, I.-K., Williams, V., Zhang, Y., & Viegut, R. (2024). Use of Drones to Monitor and Aid Disaster Management Efforts of Natural Resources. In Revolutionizing Earth Observation—New Technologies and Insights. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1004598
Velasco, O., & Valente, J. (2020). Online Drone Education, a Mapping Review. 2020 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 1286–1289. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON45650.2020.9125268
Vidovi?, A., Štimac, I., Mihetec, T., & Patrlj, S. (2024). Application of Drones in Urban Areas. Transportation Research Procedia, 81, 84–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2024.11.010
Voštinár, P. (2023). Using Drones in Teaching Computer Science (p. 904). https://doi.org/10.23919/MIPRO57284.2023.10159850
Vuoriainen, A., Rikala, P., Heilala, V., Lehesvuori, S., Oz, S., Kettunen, L., & Hämäläinen, R. (2024). The six C’s of successful higher education-industry collaboration in engineering education: A systematic literature review. European Journal of Engineering Education, 0(0), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2024.2432440
Wang, H.-H., Charoenmuang, M., Knobloch, N., & Tormoehlen, R. (2020). Defining interdisciplinary collaboration based on high school teachers’ beliefs and practices of STEM integration using a complex designed system. International Journal of STEM Education, 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-019-0201-4
Wibowo, S., Wangid, M. N., & Firdaus, F. M. (2025). The relevance of Vygotsky’s constructivism learning theory with the differentiated learning primary schools. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 19(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v19i1.21197
Wijnen-Meijer, M., Brandhuber, T., Schneider, A., & Berberat, P. O. (2022). Implementing Kolb´s Experiential Learning Cycle by Linking Real Experience, Case-Based Discussion and Simulation. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 9, 23821205221091511. https://doi.org/10.1177/23821205221091511
Wu, X., Yang, Y., Zhou, X., Xia, Y., & Liao, H. (2024). A meta-analysis of interdisciplinary teaching abilities among elementary and secondary school STEM teachers. International Journal of STEM Education, 11(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-024-00500-8
Yamish, S., Rajanarasimha, S., & Abhijeet, K. (2024). Assembly and Programming of Hexacopter Drone for Surveillance and Medical Kit Delivery Purposes. International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH), 2(6). https://doi.org/10.47392/IRJAEH.2024.0246
Yasin, F., Hamid, S., Phang, F., & Pusppanathan, J. (2024). Empowering Student with Drone: A DDR Approach to Expanding the Physics Body of Knowledge and Enhancing Stem Education. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v13-i4/23793
Yasin, F. M., Fatin Aliah Phang Abdullah, Nazri Nasir, & Jaysuman Pusppanathan. (2024). Drone Technology in Education: A Bibliometric Analysis. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counselling (IJEPC), 9(55). https://gaexcellence.com/ijepc/article/view/4244
Yepes, I., Barone, D., & Porciuncula, C. (2021). Use of Drones as Pedagogical Technology in STEM Disciplines. Informatics in Education. https://doi.org/10.15388/infedu.2022.08
Yeung, R. C. Y., Sun, D., & Yeung, C. H. (2025). Integrating drone technology in STEM education: Curriculum, pedagogy and learning outcomes. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13368-0
Yeung, R. C. Y., Yeung, C. H., Sun, D., & Looi, C.-K. (2024). A systematic review of Drone integrated STEM education at secondary schools (2005–2023): Trends, pedagogies, and learning outcomes. Computers & Education, 212, 104999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.104999
Yucesoy, E., Balcik, B., & Coban, E. (2025). The role of drones in disaster response: A literature review of operations research applications. International Transactions in Operational Research, 32(2), 545–589. https://doi.org/10.1111/itor.13484
Yunus, S. N. M., & Techanamurthy, U. (2023). Students’ acceptance of drones using the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice (KAP) model. Jurnal Kejuruteraan, SI-6(2), Article 2.
Zakaria, A. F., Mohd Zulfadli Rozali, & Mohd Syafiq Syazwan Mustafa. (2023). A preliminary discussion on STEM-drone sport’s athlete development program toward career relevance. Jurnal Kejuruteraan, SI-6(2), Article 2.
Zamiri, M., & Esmaeili, A. (2024). Methods and Technologies for Supporting Knowledge Sharing within Learning Communities: A Systematic Literature Review. Administrative Sciences, 14(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14010017
Zen, I. S., Nour, A., & Nurhaqeem, M. A. (2023). Utilising Smart Technology for Heritage Preservation: A Systematic Review Case Study Malaysia and Türkiye. Journal of Architecture, Planning and Construction Management, 13(2), Article 2.
Zenz, A. (2023). Safety first: Analysing the problematisation of drones. Griffith Law Review, 32(3), 310–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/10383441.2024.2303937

Marzuki, O. F., Teo, E. Y. L., Abdullah, W. N. Z. Z. @, Khairuddin, N., Inai, N. H., Saad, J. M., Aziz, M. H. A., & Asmawi, N. N. M. (2025). Drone STEM Education: Revolutionizing Learning for the Future. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 14(1), 1416–1433.

Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode