Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Open access

This article examines the application of an integrated cooperative business model canvas in the context of cooperatives in Malaysia. It aims to address gaps in literature on understanding and analyzing cooperatives' business models. The integrated cooperative business model canvas combines traditional business model principles with the unique characteristics of cooperatives, providing a holistic understanding of key components, value proposition, customer segments, revenue streams, and resource allocation. The study identifies challenges faced by cooperatives in Malaysia and also identifies opportunities. The integrated cooperative business model canvas is crucial for analyzing and developing effective strategies for cooperatives in Malaysia. It offers a structured approach for understanding the complexities and dynamics of cooperatives, enabling practitioners to make informed decisions and drive sustainable growth. This research contributes to the existing literature by providing a comprehensive framework tailored to the context of cooperatives in Malaysia, offering insights and practical implications for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in the cooperative sector.

Ahmed, M., & Mesfin, H. (2017). The impact of agricultural cooperatives membership on the wellbeing of smallholder farmers: Empirical evidence from Eastern Ethiopia. Agricultural and Food Economics, 5(6), 1-20.
Ajates, R. (2020). An integrated conceptual framework for the study of agricultural cooperatives: from repolitisation to cooperative sustainability. Journal of Rural Studies, 78, 467-479.
Ashforth, B. E., & Reingen, P. H. (2014). Functions of dysfunction: Managing the dynamics of an organizational duality in a natural food cooperative. Administrative Science Quarterly, 59(3), 474-516.
Bauwens, T., Huybrechts, B., & Dufays, F. (2020). Understanding the diverse scaling strategies of social enterprises as hybrid organizations: The case of renewable energy cooperatives. Organization & Environment, 33(2), 195-219.
Billiet, A., Dufays, F., Friedel, S., & Staessens, M. (2021). The resilience of the cooperative model: How do cooperatives deal with the COVID?19 crisis?. Strategic Change, 30(2), 99-108.
Birchall, J. (2013). The potential of co-operatives during the current recession; theorizing comparative advantage. Journal of entrepreneurial and organizational diversity, 2(1), 1-22.
Birchall, J., & Ketilson, L. H. (2009). Resilience of the cooperative business model in times of crisis. Geneva: International Labour Organisation.
Bocken, N. M., Rana, P., & Short, S. W. (2014). Value mapping for sustainable business thinking. Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, 31(1), 1-7.
Bretos, I., Errasti, A., & Marcuello, C. (2020). Is there life after degeneration? The organizational life cycle of cooperatives under a ‘grow?or?die’dichotomy. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 91(3), 435-458.
Carter, M., & Carter, C. (2020). The creative business model canvas. Social Enterprise Journal, 16(2), 141-158.
Castilla-Polo, F., & Sánchez-Hernández, M. I. (2020). Cooperatives and sustainable development: A multilevel approach based on intangible assets. Sustainability, 12(10), 4099.
Chaudhary, A. K., & Shalini, M. R. (2019). SHGs As an Emerging Co-Operative Organisation. Think India Journal, 22(14), 15253-15262.
Chesbrough, H. (2010). Business model innovation: Opportunities and barriers. Long range planning, 43(2-3), 354-363.
Chesbrough, H., & Rosenbloom, R. S. (2002). The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: evidence from Xerox Corporation's technology spin?off companies. Industrial and Corporate Change, 11(3), 529-555.
Demil, B., & Lecocq, X. (2010). Business model evolution: in search of dynamic consistency. Long range planning, 43(2-3), 227-246.
Dufays, F., O’Shea, N., Huybrechts, B., & Nelson, T. (2020). Resisting colonization: Worker cooperatives’ conceptualization and behaviour in a Habermasian perspective. Work, Employment and Society, 34(6), 965-984.
Eichen, S., Freiling, J., & Matzler, K. (2015). Why business model innovations fail. Journal of Business Strategy, 36(6), 29-38.
Ferri, G., & Leogrande, A. (2021). Stakeholder Management, Cooperatives, and Selfish-Individualism. Journal for Markets and Ethics, 9(2), 61-75.
Fiore, M., Galati, A., Go??biewski, J., & Drejerska, N. (2020). Stakeholders' involvement in establishing sustainable business models: The case of Polish dairy cooperatives. British Food Journal, 122(5), 1671-1691.
Garnevska, E., Liu, G., & Shadbolt, N. (2011). Factors for successful development of farmers cooperatives in Northwest China. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 14(4), 69-84.
Goel, S. (2013). Relevance and potential of co-operative values and principles for family business research and practice. Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management, 1(1), 41-46.
Groeneveld, H. (2020). Reconciling different truths about isomorphic pressure and distinctive behavior at European cooperative banks: Back to the future with Raiffeisen's principles. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 91(3), 359-386.
Guzmán, C., Santos, F. J., & Barroso, M. D. (2020). Analysing the links between cooperative principles, entrepreneurial orientation and performance. Small Business Economics, 55, 1075-1089.
Herbes, C., Brummer, V., Rognli, J., Blazejewski, S., & Gericke, N. (2017). Responding to policy change: New business models for renewable energy cooperatives–Barriers perceived by cooperatives’ members. Energy Policy, 109, 82-95.
Hunger, J. D., & Wheelen, T. L. (2013). Essentials of strategic management. Pearson.
Joyce, A., & Paquin, R. L. (2016). The triple layered business model canvas: A tool to design more sustainable business models. Journal of cleaner production, 135, 1474-1486.
Kalogiannidis, S. (2020). Economic cooperative models: agricultural cooperatives in Greece and the need to modernize their operation for the sustainable development of local societies. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Science, 10(11), 452-468.
Keiningham, T., Aksoy, L., Bruce, H. L., Cadet, F., Clennell, N., Hodgkinson, I. R., & Kearney, T. (2020). Customer experience driven business model innovation. Journal of Business Research, 116, 431-440.
Kumar, V., Wankhede, K., & Gena, H. (2015). Role Of Cooperatives in Improving Livelihood of Farmers on Sustainable Basis. American Journal of Educational Research, 3(10), 1258-1266.
Lindgardt, Z., Reeves, M., Stalk, J. G., & Deimler, M. (2012). Business model innovation: When the game gets tough, change the game. . Own the future: 50 ways to win from The Boston Consulting Group, , 291-298.
Lizarralde, I., Hamwi, M. A., Samir, B., Lentzen, L., & Kromrey, V. (2020). Comparative analysis of existing business models for res cooperative, aggregators and crowd-funders. Munich: European Union’s Horizon 2020.
Magretta, J. (2002, May). Why business models matter. Harvard Business Review, 3-8.
Mahazril‘Aini, Y., Hafizah, H. A., & Zuraini, Y. (2012). Factors affecting cooperatives’ performance in relation to strategic planning and members’ participation. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65, 100-105.
Mazzarol, T., Limnios, E., & Roboud, S. (2011). Co-operative enterprise: a unique business model? . 25th Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management (ANZAM) Conference,, (pp. 1-16).
Moon, S., & Lee, S. H. (2020). A strategy for sustainable development of cooperatives in developing countries: The success and failure case of agricultural cooperatives in musambira sector, Rwanda. Sustainability, 12(20), 8632.
Nath, S., & Arrawatia, R. (2022). Trade-offs or synergies? Hybridity and sustainable performance of dairy cooperatives in India. World Development, 154, 105862.
Nooh, M. N. (2019). Is There a Need for a Cooperative Business Model Canvas? The International Journal of Business Management and Technology, 3(5), 58-64.
Noor Zeeta Mohd Ramli, H. S. (2014). Amalan Perancangan Strategik Dalam Kalangan Koperasi di Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Co-operative Studies, 10, 79-97.
Ojiagu, N., Onugu, C., & Uchenna. (2015). Effects of membership of cooperative organizations and determinants on farmer-members’ income in rural Anambra State, Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 4(8), 28-35.
Osterwalder, A., & Euchner, J. (2019). Business model innovation: An interview with Alex Osterwalder. Research-Technology Management, 62(4), 12-18.
Osterwalder, A., & Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers (Vol. 1). John Wiley & Sons.
Puusa, A., & Saastamoinen, S. (2021). Novel ideology, but business first? Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management, 9(1), 100135.
Ramos, M. E., Azevedo, A., Meira, D., & Curado Malta, M. (2022). Cooperatives and the Use of Artificial Intelligence: A Critical View. Sustainability, 15(1), 329.
Reynolds, A. (2013). Defining the value of the cooperative business model: an introduction. . CHS Center for Cooperatives Growth.
Ritter, T., & Pedersen, C. L. (2020). Analyzing the impact of the coronavirus crisis on business models. Industrial Marketing Management, 88, 214-224.
Sambuo, D. (2023). Co-operatology and the science of cooperatives societies: A synthetic review of cooperative evolution. Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management, 11(1), 100190.
Sum, S. M., Zaimah Ramli, R. R., Lyndon, N., Rose, R. A., Mansor, N. H., Aman, Z., . . . Isnin., K. A. (2017). Sumbangan koperasi terhadap pembangunan sosial komuniti pekebun kecil sawit. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 13(3), 19-28.
Suruhanjaya Koperasi Malaysia. (2022). Laporan Ekonomi Sektor Koperasi 2021. Kuala Lumpur: Suruhanjaya Koperasi Malaysia.
Sushila Devi, R., Nurizah, N., Mohd. Shahron, A., Rafedah, J., & Farahaini, M. (2009). Factors influencing the performance of cooperatives in Malaysia: A tentative framework. Malaysian Journal of Co-operative Management, 5, 43-62.
Sushila Devi, R., Nurizah, N., Mohd. Shahron, A., Rafedah, J., & Farahaini, M. (2010). Success Factors of Cooperatives in Malaysia: An Exploratory Investigation. Malaysian Journal of Co-operative Studies, 6, 1-24.
Tien, N. H., Phu, P. P., & Chi, D. T. (2019). The Role of International Marketing in International Business Strategy. International Journal of Research in Marketing Management and Sales, 1(2), 134-138.
Torgerson, R. E., Reynolds, B. J., & Gray, T. W. (1998). Evolution of cooperative thought, theory, and purpose. Journal of Cooperatives, 13(1142-2016-92691 ), 1-20.
Tremblay, C., & Gutberlet, J. (2012). Empowerment through participation: assessing the voices of leaders from recycling cooperatives in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Community Development Journal, 47(2), 282-302.
Ushkarenko, I., & Soloviov, A. (2020). World Economic Order: Evolution of the Cooperative Sector. Philosophy and Cosmology, 25, 139-152.
Verhees, F. J., Sergaki, P., & Van Dijk, G. (2015). Building up active membership in cooperatives. New Medit, 14(1), 42-52.
Vo, S. (2016). Concern for community: a case study of cooperatives in Costa Rica. Journal of Community Practice, 24(1), 56-76.
Wanjare, J. (2023). Competitiveness and Sustainability of the Co-Operative Enterprise. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 8(1), 1-9.
Zott, C., & Amit, R. (2007). Business model design and the performance of entrepreneurial firms. Organization Science, 18(2), 181-199.
Zott, C., Amit, R., & Massa, L. (2010). The business model: Theoretical roots, recent developments, and future research. IESE Research Papers, 3(4), 1-43.
Zott, C., Amit, R., & Massa, L. (2011). The business model: recent developments and future research. Journal of Management, 37(4), 1019-1042.


(Nooh, 2024)
Nooh, M. N. (2024). Cooperative Business Model Canvas: A Conceptual Framework. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(4), 837–855.