Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

The Perception of Local Community towards Cultural and Historical Value of Urban Heritage Tree in Georgetown World Heritage Site (GWHS)

Noor Azramalina Abdul Aziz, Noor Fazamimah Mohd Ariffin, Nurul Nadiah Mohamad, Norhuzailin Hussain, Mohd Yazid Mohd Yunos, Nor Atiah Ismail, Sumarni Ismail, Nazlina Shaari, Khairul Aidil Azlin Abd Rahman, Nangkula Utaberta

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i4/21360

Open access

A heritage tree is a large, old, individual tree attached with some unique values, considered irreplaceable. The unique values of heritage trees are called social-cultural values. Rapid development in a historical city has become a threat to the natural character of the World Heritage Site. The stakeholders need to understand the importance of the social-cultural value of urban heritage trees to preserve them. However, the urban heritage trees should be given more attention in the Georgetown World Heritage Site (GWHS). This study aims to evaluate the local community's perception of the cultural and historical value of urban heritage trees in GWHS. The quantitative method uses a survey technique. Two hundred (200) questionnaires were distributed to the local community. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Most respondents found that urban heritage trees in GWHS have cultural and historical value that benefit nature and the community.

Ali, W. N. A., Hassan, N., Hassan, K., & M. Nayan, N. (2016). The Morphology of Heritage Trees in Colonial Town: Taiping Lake Garden, Perak, Malaysia. Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 222, pp. 621 - 630.
Ali, W. N. A., Hassan, N., & Hassan, K. (2013). Morfologi dan klasifikasi pokok warisan di Taman Tasik Taiping, Perak, Malaysia. Dana Kecemerlangan UiTM.
Ariffin, N. F. M., Aziz, N. A. A., & Ismail, S. (2019a). Issues and Challenges of Urban Heritage Trees Conservation in Malaysia Towards a Sustainable Site. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 8 (1.9), pp. 468 - 472.
Ariffin, N. F. M., Aziz, N. A. A., & Yunus, M. Y. M. (2019b). The Significance of Heritage Trees Conservation for Urban Development in Taiping Lake Garden, Malaysia. Journal of Alam Cipta, 12 (2), pp. 38 - 46.
Cloke, P., & Pawson, E. (2008). Memorial trees and treescape memories. Journal of Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 26(1), pp. 107 - 122. DOI: 10.1068/d79j
Fay, N. (2002). Environmental Arboriculture, Tree Ecology & Veteran Tree Management. Arboricultural Journal, 26(3), pp. 213 - 238. DOI: 10.1080/03071375.2002.9747336
Green, T. (2002). Arborists should have a central role in educating the public about veteran trees. Arboricultural Journal, 26(3), pp. 239 - 248. DOI:
10.1080/03071375.2002.9747337
Hami, A., Suhardi, M., Manohar, M., & Shahhosseini, H. (2011). Users’ Preferences of Usability and Sustainability of old Urban Park in Tabriz, Iran. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5 (11), pp. 1899 - 1905.
Hami, A., & Sreetheran, M. (2018). Public perception and perceived landscape function of urban park trees in Tabriz. Iran. Journal of Landscape Online, 62, pp. 1 - 16. https://doi.org/ 10.3097/LO.201862
Hunte, N., Roopsind, A., Anasari, A. A., & Coughlin, T. T. (2019). Colonial history impacts urban tree species distribution in a tropical city. Journal of Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 41, pp. 313 - 322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2019.04.010
Jim, C. Y. (2017). Urban Heritage Trees: Natural-Cultural Significance Informing Management and Conservation. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017, P.Y. Tan and C.Y. Jim (eds.), Greening Cities: Forms and Functions. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4113-6_13
Jim, C. Y., Zhang, H. (2013). Species diversity and spatial differentiation of old-valuable trees in urban Hong Kong. Journal of Urban for urban green, 12 pages 171-182.
Jim, C. Y. (2005a). Outstanding remnants of nature in compact cities: patterns and preservation of heritage trees in Guangzhou city (China). Journal of Geoforum, 36(3), pp. 371 - 385. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2004.06.004
Jim, C. Y. (2005b). Monitoring the performance and decline of heritage trees in urban Hong Kong. Journal of Environmental Management 74, pp. 161 - 172.
Jin, C., Zhenga, M., Huanga, L., Qiana, S., Jim, C. Y., Lina, D., Zhaoa, L., Minore, J., Coggins, C., Cheng, B., Zhangh, J., & Yanga, Y. (2020). Co-existence between humans and nature: Heritage trees in China’s Yangtze River region. Journal of Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 54, 126748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126748
Jokiletho, J. (2007). International charters on urban conservation: Some thoughts on the principles expressed in current international doctrine. Journal of City & Time, 3(3), 23 - 42.
Jokilehto J. (2006). Considerations on authenticity and integrity in world heritage context. Journal of City & Time, 2(1), 1.
Jokiletho, J. (2005). World heritage: Defining the outstanding universal value. Journal of City & Time, 2.
Jokiletho, J. (2002). Authenticity, integrity and the world heritage convention. World Heritage 2002 Shared Legacy, Common Responsibility Associated Workshops. November 11 - 12, 2002, Urbino, Pesaro, Italy.
Lai, P. Y., Jim, C. Y., Tang, G. D., Hong, W. J., & Zhang, H. (2019). Spatial differentiation of heritage trees in the rapidly-urbanizing city of Shenzhen, China. Journal of Landscape and Urban Planning, 181, pp. 148 - 156.
Li, K., & Zhang, G. (2021). Species Diversity and Distribution Pattern of Heritage Trees in the Rapidly-Urbanizing Province of Jiangsu, China. Journal of Forests, 12, 1543. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12111543
Lindenmayer, D. B. (2017). Conserving large old trees as small natural features. Journal of Biological Conservation, 211, pp. 51 - 59.
Liu, J., Jiang, R.-Y., & Zhang, G.-F. (2020). Number and distribution of large old ginkgos in east China: Implications for regional conservation. Journal of Nature Conservation, 42, pp. 71 - 87. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.42.59284
Loeb, R. E. (1992). Will a Tree Grow in Brooklyn: Developmental Trends of New York Street Tree Forest. Journal of Forestry, 90 (1), 20 - 24.
Manmoud, T., Gairola, A., & El-Keblawy, A. (2015). Large Old Trees Need More Conservation Attention: A Case of Tamarix Aphylla in the Arid Deserts of The United Arab Emirates. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2015.04.006
Marquis-Kyle, Peter, and Meredith Walker (eds). (1992). The illustrated Burra Charter: making good decisions about the care of important places. Reprinted 1994. Brisbane: Australia ICOMOS.
Meyer, J. G. (2001). America’s famous and historic trees. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
Mid, H. (2012). The role of identifying and managing cultural values in rural development. Journal of Acta geographica Slovenica, 53(2), pp. 371 - 378.
Read, H. (2000). Veteran trees: A Guide to Good Management. English Nature. Peter Borough, UK.
Rudl, A., Machar, I., Uradnicek, L., Praus, L., & Pechanec, V. (2019). Young urban trees as important structures in the cultural heritage of cities - a case study from Prague. Journal of Environmental & Socio-economic Studies, 7 (3), pp. 14 - 23.
Streetheran, M., Philip, E., Adnan, M., & Siti Zakiah, M. (2006). A historical perspective of urban tree planting in Malaysia. An international Journal of Forestry and Forest Industries 57(1).
Shamsuddin, S., Sulaiman, A. B., & Amat, C. R. (2012). Urban Landscape Factors That Influenced the Character of George Town, Penang UNESCO World Heritage Site. Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 50, pp. 238 - 253.
Townsend, J. B., & Barton, S. (2018). The impact of ancient tree form on modern landscape preferences. Journal of Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 34, pp. 205 - 216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2018.06.004
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, WHC. (2013). Operational guidelines for the implementation of the World Heritage Convention.
Zackrisson, O., Ostlund, L., Korhonen, O., and Bergman, I. (2000). The ancient use of Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) inner bark by Sami people in northern Sweden, related to cultural and ecological factors. Journal of Vegetation History and Archaeobotanical, 9, pp. 99 - 109.
Zainudin, S. R., Riman, R. M., Said, A., & Austin, D. (2011). Monetary Values of Heritage Urban Trees in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Thesis for: MSc in Environmental Science (Sustainable Land Use & Water Resource Management).
Zakaria, A. Z. (2012). Fallen tree problems in the field of landscape architecture in Malaysia. In: 1st International Conference on Innovation and Technology for Sustainable Built Environment 2012 (ICITSBE 2012), 16-17 April 2012, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perak.

(Aziz et al., 2024)
Aziz, N. A. A., Ariffin, N. F. M., Mohamad, N. N., Hussain, N., Yunos, M. Y. M., Ismail, N. A., Ismail, S., Shaari, N., Rahman, K. A. A. A., & Utaberta, N. (2024). The Perception of Local Community towards Cultural and Historical Value of Urban Heritage Tree in Georgetown World Heritage Site (GWHS). International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(4), 609–621.