ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
This paper explores how job training influences employee skills and job performance at the Port of Aqaba, Jordan’s main seaport. It specifically examines the roles of both on-the-job and off-the-job training methods, assessing their impact on performance outcomes and the development of essential work-related skills. While both training types contribute to improving employee performance, their effectiveness varies depending on how well they build technical know-how, cognitive abilities, and interpersonal competencies. Employee skills are shown to play a key role in connecting training efforts to practical job results. By drawing from existing research and relevant theoretical frameworks, the study highlights the importance of skill-focused training programs and supportive organizational environments that promote continuous learning. The insights gained here have useful implications for enhancing workforce development in operational fields like maritime logistics.
Ab Rashid, R., Nor, M. N. M., & Yusoff, R. M. (2020). Off-the-job training and its effect on employee performance. International Journal of Business and Society, 21(2), 607–619.
Al-Daboubi, A., & Al-Ma’aita, S. (2023). Jordanian port system: Infrastructure and logistics. International Journal of Maritime Studies, 11(2), 114–126.
AL-ghad. (2022). Aqaba port developments and trade contributions. AL-ghad News. https://alghad.com/
Al-Khawaldah, H., Al-Momani, A., & Al-Khamaiseh, A. (2023). Environmental concerns in port operations: A case of Aqaba. Journal of Environmental Management, 165(3), 355–367.
Baldwin, T. T., & Ford, J. K. (1988). Transfer of training: A review and directions for future research. Personnel Psychology, 41(1), 63–105.
Bandura, A., & Walters, R. H. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice Hall.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Sage Publications.
Ba?tu?, S., Y?ld?r?m, E., & Öztürk, B. (2022). Global trends in port performance evaluation. Transport Policy, 108, 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.12.006
Bhattacharya, M., Gibson, D. E., & Doty, D. H. (2005). The effects of flexibility in employee skills, employee behaviors, and human resource practices on firm performance. Journal of Management, 31(4), 622–640.
Boyatzis, R. E., Goleman, D., & Rhee, K. (2000). Clustering competence in emotional intelligence: Insights from the Emotional Competence Inventory. In R. Bar-On & J. D. A. Parker (Eds.), Handbook of emotional intelligence (pp. 343–362). Jossey-Bass.
Fauziyah, U. R., & Kuswinarno, R. (2024). The mediating role of employee skills in the training–performance relationship: A manufacturing sector study. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 14(2), 88–103.
Garavan, T. N., Watson, S., Carbery, R., & O’Brien, F. (2021). Strategic human resource development: Organizational development, effectiveness, and performance. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 32(1), 25–43.
Liu, Y. (2020). The role of on-the-job training in enhancing job readiness among entry-level employees. Journal of Workplace Learning, 32(5), 309–321.
Nyaupane, D., Morais, D. B., & Graefe, A. R. (2020). Examining the role of competencies in career advancement. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Development, 8(2), 75–85.
Park, H. (2024). Human capital development through training and its impact on innovation. Journal of Management Development, 43(1), 15–30.
Sabekti, R., & Setiawan, M. (2023). Bridging training and performance through skill enhancement: The mediating role of competency. Human Resource Development International, 26(4), 512–528.
Alkasasbeh, E., & Anuar, K. (2025). Job Training and Employee Skills: Key to Employee Performance in Jordan. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(7), 1489–1498.
Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode