ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
This study was conducted to identify the differences in spiritual intelligence and the tendency of drug abuse according to the rehabilitation centres in the Southern Zone consist of the rehabilitation centres in Muar, Johor, Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan, and Tampin, Melaka. Using a quantitative survey design approach, this study involved 318 respondents representing each rehabilitation centre chosen by the researcher. There are two questionnaires used in this study, namely the Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire (SIQ) to measure spiritual intelligence and the Drug Abuse Screening Test 20-DAST-20 to measure the tendency for drug abuse. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. The results of the analysis show that there is a difference in spiritual intelligence according to the Southern Zone rehabilitation centres [F (2,315) =11.379, p<.05] and there is a difference in the tendency for drug abuse according to the Southern Zone rehabilitation centres (F (9.818) = .001, p<.05). This finding may have various factors contributing to the differences, such as the methods and effectiveness of the treatments used, as well as the rehabilitation programs implemented for the residents of the rehabilitation centre. This study is anticipated to provide benefits to various parties, including rehabilitation institutions, policymakers, the community, and individuals who are in the process of recovery.
Abd Majid, M., Azizan, N. I., Mohd Haridi, N. H., Mohamad, N., Usman, A. H., Ismail, Z., & Abdul Rahman, A. H. (2023). Program pemulihan akhlak remaja delinkuen di Pusat Pemulihan Akhlak kelolaan Jabatan Penjara Malaysia dan Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat. Jurnal Pengajian Islam, 16(1), 22–41.
Adler, A. (1927). The practice and theory of individual psychology. Harcourt, Brace & Co. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.74812/page/n5/mode/2up
Agensi Anti Dadah Kebangsaan (2024). Statistik Penyalahgunaan Dadah dan Bahan Tahun 2018 Sehingga September 2024. https://www.aadk.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/Statistik_penyalah_guna_dan_penagih_2018_sehingga_Q32024_08112024_kemaskini-9pm.pdf
Alaei, S., Zabihi, R., Ahmadi, A., Doosti, A., & Saberi, S. M. (2017). Emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, self esteem and self control of substance abuse. International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal, 9(4), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9734/INDJ/2017/33461
Arshad, M. A., Shabbir, M. S., Mahmood, A., Khan, S., & Bait Ali Sulaiman, M. A. (2020). An exploration of IQ, EQ, spiritual quotient (SQ) elements in the human reengineering program (HRP) practices: A study on the drug rehabilitation Centre in Malaysia. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 15, 417–428. https://doi.org/10.14198/JHSE.2020.15.PROC2.32
Berita Harian Online. (2016). 14 zon paling kronik dadah di seluruh negara. https://www.bharian.com.my/bhplus-old/2016/07/173383/14-zon-paling-kronik-dadah-di-seluruh-negara
Bryman, A. (2021). Social research methods (6th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Derikvand, H., Aghaei, A. & Ghorbani M. (2014). Comparing spiritual intelligence among patients with substance abuse disorders and normal controls, 1, 35–48. https://consensus.app/papers/comparing-spiritual-intelligence-among-patients-with-derikvand-aghaei/77304fd644c45f89b3feadaaec4b11f3/?utm_source
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. (2005). Kamus Dewan (Edisi ke-4) https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=spiritual
Emmons, R. A. (2000). Is spirituality an intelligence? Motivation, cognition, and the psychology of ultimate concern. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 10(1), 3-26.
Koenig, H. G. (2019). Religion, spirituality, and health: The research and clinical implications. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2019, 1-33.
Miller, W. R. (2021). Addiction and spirituality: A handbook for counsellors and clinicians. Guilford Press.
Mazammir, M. Y. (2023, May 30). 60,000 remaja negara ini dikenalpasti terjebak penyalahgunaan dadah. Berita Harian Online. https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2023/05/1108080/60000-remaja-negara-ini-dikenalpasti-terjebak-penyalahgunaan-dadah
Nasel, D. D. (2004). Spiritual orientation in relation to spiritual intelligence: A consideration of traditional Christianity and New Age/individualistic spirituality (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Australia).
Neuman, W. L. (2019). Social Research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (8th ed.). Pearson.
Oktariani, D., S., Pd., Abdulkarim, H. A., & M., Pd. (2019). The role of rehabilitation institutions in developing drug users with spiritual and intellectual therapeutic community (TC) methods. In E. Setiawati et al. (Eds.). Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Education, Humanities and Language (ICEL): Mainstreaming the influences on higher order of thinking skills in humanities, education, and language in Industrial Revolution 4.0 (pp.155–164). Malang, Indonesia. https://digilib.uinkhas.ac.id/7834/1/PROSIDING-ICEL-2019-LayoutFinal%20%281%29.pdf#page=170
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Halim, S. (2017). Rehabilitasi sebagai pengalihan sanksi penyalahgunaan narkoba di Indonesia dalam pandangan hukum Islam (Tesis Doktor Falsafah, Program Pascasiswazah, Universiti Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol Padang).
Zohar, D., & Marshall, I. (2000). SQ: Connecting with our spiritual intelligence. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Alias, A., Shaban, S. H., Karim, A. K. A., Mamat, S., & Abdullah, N. (2025). The Spiritual Intelligence on Drug Abuse Tendencies among Residents of Rehabilitation Centres in the Southern Zone. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(7), 438–448.
Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode