ISSN: 2222-6990
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Ethnic relations in Malaysia remain a central concern in academic, political, and social arenas. Territorial federal-state dynamics in Malaysia, exemplified by Sarawak vs Peninsular Malaysia shape in-group and out-group boundaries. This study synthesizes peer-reviewed literature to examine the dynamics of interactions between Sarawak–Peninsular Malaysia via a systematic review of historical and contemporary research on perceptions, discrimination, and narrative formation, highlighting persistent knowledge gaps. The results indicate four themes emerge, marginalised sentiments linked to development and infrastructure disparities; sarawakian national identity consistent with in-group favouritism; stereotypes regarding the inhabitants of the Peninsula (dominance/sensitivity, cultural (mis)recognition) that harden symbolic boundaries; and social-media amplification that accelerates diffusion of prejudicial narratives. Sarawak–Peninsular integration requires equitable development, stronger state-level representation, culturally responsive education and communication, targeted media literacy and platform/content governance, and civil-society partnerships to reduce entrenched stereotypes and prejudice.
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