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We Are All One Family": The Oscillation Between Compromise and Confrontation in Malaysian Chinese Political Strategies (1998-2004). This study examines the dynamic interplay between compromise and confrontation strategies employed by Malaysia's Chinese community in response to shifting political landscapes following the 1998 Reformasi movement. While scholars have documented Chinese political marginalization post-1969 (Funston, 1980; Heng, 2020), this research investigates how the fragmentation of Malay political power (UMNO-PAS-Keadilan rivalry) and rising Islamization created new strategic opportunities. Employing a mixed-methods approach combining electoral data analysis (Merdeka Center, 2004), critical discourse examination of party manifestos and NGO memoranda, and elite interviews, the study reveals three key findings. First, Chinese political actors pragmatically alternated between accommodation and resistance depending on the intensity of Islamic political competition. Second, civil society organizations like Suqiu emerged as crucial third-force actors when institutional channels proved constrained. Third, critical junctures particularly Anwar Ibrahim's 1998 dismissal and Abdullah Badawi's Islam Hadhari introduction served as catalysts for strategic recalibration within path-dependent constraints established by the 1969 social contract. The findings contribute to ethnic politics literature by demonstrating how minority communities navigate hegemonic systems through adaptive, multi-level strategies that transcend conventional party politics frameworks.
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