ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has redefined healthcare delivery, transitioning from episodic and reactive care to continuous, predictive, and data-driven models of health management. This paper examines how IoT-enabled health monitoring systems have evolved globally and assesses their policy and governance implications through a comparative analysis of three national contexts—Singapore, China, and the Netherlands. Using a conceptual–empirical mixed framework, the study synthesises evidence from cross-national case studies to explore how technological design, behavioural adoption, and institutional governance interact to shape health outcomes. Findings reveal that while IoT technologies significantly enhance clinical precision, patient engagement, and system efficiency, their success depends on robust data governance, interoperability standards, and human-centred implementation. The paper proposes a Global Governance Framework for IoT Health Systems structured around four interdependent pillars: technological infrastructure, ethical data oversight, behavioural enablement, and policy integration. This framework underscores the need for adaptive and equitable governance strategies that bridge innovation with accountability. The study concludes that IoT-driven healthcare can serve as a cornerstone for future smart health ecosystems—provided that technology is governed with transparency, inclusivity, and sustainability at its core.
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