Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Factors Affecting the Financial Well-Being of Generation Y and Z in Batam: A Mixed Methods Study

Dewi Khornida Marheni, Aditya Akhyar Zikri

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v15-i12/27312

Open access

Factors Affecting the Financial Well-Being of Generation Y and Z in Batam: This study analyzes the influence of religiosity, mental budgeting, financial behavior, risky indebtedness behavior, and financial preparation for retirement on financial well-being in Generation Y and Z in Batam. The approach used is mixed methods with quantitative as the main method, supported by qualitative data from interviews with seven respondents (five men and two women). A total of 305 respondents were selected through purposive sampling and analyzed using SEM-PLS. The results show that religiosity has a significant positive effect on financial behavior and indirectly improves financial well-being. Mental budgeting has a positive effect on financial behavior, but not on financial well-being directly. Financial behavior and financial preparation for retirement are important mediators, while risky indebtedness behavior hurts retirement preparation and financial well-being. These findings can be the basis for more targeted financial education and policies for the younger generation in Indonesia. Strong religious values encourage wiser financial behavior, such as saving, avoiding consumptive debt, and managing expenses more responsibly. For generations Y and Z, this has had a positive impact on their financial well-being, as seen in stable financial conditions, achievement of financial goals, and reduced money-related stress.

Abrantes Braga, F. D. M., & Oliveira, T. V. de.. (2020). Help me, I can’t afford it! Antecedents and consequences of risky indebtedness behaviour. European Journal of Marketing, 54(9), 2223–2244. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-06-2019-0455
Alcaide, T. C. H., Solis, M. H., & Topa, G. (2021). A model for personal financial planning. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 22(2), 482–502.
Ali, S. A., Aslam, S., Majeed, M. U., & Usman, M. (2024). The interplay of mental budgeting, self-control, and financial behavior: Implications for individual financial well-being. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 12(2), 1038–1049. https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i2.2102
Anthony, M., Sabri, M. F., Rahim, H. A., & Othman, M. A. (2022). Financial socialisation and moderation effect of gender in the influence of financial behaviour on financial well-being among young adults. Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, 28(June), 68–99.
Bai, R. (2023). Impact of financial literacy, mental budgeting, and self-control on financial wellbeing: Mediating impact of investment decision making. PLoS ONE, 18(11 November), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294466
Budiyanto, A., Mujib, A., Arif, M. N. R. Al, & Prasetyowati, R. A. (2024). Factors affecting financial well-being: The mediating role of financial behavior towards religiosity and anti-consumption lifestyle – evidence from Indonesia. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 21(3), 187–198. https://doi.org/10.21511/imfi.21(3).2024.16
Candy & Vira. (2024). Financial behavior as key factors affecting Indonesian Gen-Z entrepreneurial intention. 6(2), 152–172. https://doi.org/10.35313/ijabr.v6i02.363
Chaity, N. S., Kabir, S. Bin, Akhter, P., & Bokhari, R. P. (2024). How financial literacy impacts financial well-being: The influence of financial and technical efficacy. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 14(2), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.15806
Chun, S., & Johnson, D. S. (2021). The effects of mental budgeting and the pain of payment on the financial decision-making of socially excluded people. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 39(5), 886–899. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-09-2020-0499
Das, T., & Das, S. (2024). Influence of mental accounting on the financial well-being of young adults. Emerging Perspectives on Financial Well-Being, June, 206–227. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1750-1.ch011
Dayana Anandhi, E., & Velmurugan, G. (2024). The impact of financial planning on financial well-being with a mediating role of tax planning among salaried employees: An empirical study. International Journal of Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering, 11(1), 737–748. https://doi.org/10.22399/ijcesen.965
El Hajjar, S., Gebka, B., Duxbury, D., & Su, C. (2024). Does religiosity affect stock investors’ herding behaviour? Global evidence. Finance Research Letters, 62(PA), 105165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105165
Fan, L., & Henager, R. (2022). A structural determinants framework for financial well-being. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 43(2), 415–428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-021-09798-w
Ferreira, M. B., de Almeida, F., Soro, J. C., Herter, M. M., Pinto, D. C., & Silva, C. S. (2021). On the relation between over-indebtedness and well-being: an analysis of the mechanisms influencing health, sleep, life satisfaction, and emotional well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(April). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.591875
He, Y., Wang, Y., & Gao, X. (2022). What role does religion have in shaping human consumption? Religions, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13010008
Kim, J. J. (2020). A study on the influence of economic preparation for later life after retirement. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(5), 279–290. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2020.VOL7.NO5.279
Leandro, J. C., & Botelho, D. (2022). Consumer over-indebtedness: A review and future research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 145(March), 535–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.03.023
Lee, J., Lee, K., & Oh, F. D. (2024). Religion and branch banking. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 60(January), 101115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2024.101115
Lei, L., Lu, W., Niu, G., & Zhou, Y. (2024). Religiosity and financial distress of the young. Journal of Banking and Finance, 168(December 2023), 107276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2024.107276
Li, J. (2022). Financial risk-taking, religiosity, and denomination heterogeneity. Journal of Empirical Finance, 66(December 2021), 74–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2021.12.005
Mahapatra, M. S., & Mishra, R. (2020). Behavioral influence and financial decision of individuals: A study on mental accounting process among Indian households. Cogent Economics and Finance, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2020.1827762
Mahdzan, N. S., Zainudin, R., & Shaari, M. S. (2023). The influence of religious belief and psychological factors on borrowing behaviour among Malaysian public sector employees. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 15(3), 361–385. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-10-2020-0362
Mahendru, M., Sharma, G. D., & Hawkins, M. (2022). Toward a new conceptualization of financial well-being. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2505
Owusu, G. M. Y., Amoah Bekoe, R., Arthur, M., & Koomson, T. A. A. (2023). Antecedents and consequences of compulsive buying behaviour: The moderating effect of financial management. Journal of Business and Socio-Economic Development, 3(3), 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1108/jbsed-04-2021-0049
Prakash, N., Alagarsamy, S., & Hawaldar, A. (2022). Demographic characteristics influencing financial well-being: A multigroup analysis. Managerial Finance, 48(9–10), 1334–1351. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-09-2021-0466
Safari, K., Njoka, C., & Munkwa, M. G. (2021). Financial literacy and personal retirement planning: A socioeconomic approach. Journal of Business and Socio-Economic Development, 1(2), 121–134. https://doi.org/10.1108/jbsed-04-2021-0052
Sajid, M., Mushtaq, R., Murtaza, G., Yahiaoui, D., & Pereira, V. (2024). Financial literacy, confidence, and well-being: The mediating role of financial behavior. Journal of Business Research, 182(January 2023), 114791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114791
Sajuyigbe, A. S., Adegun, E. A., Adeyemi, F., Johnson, A. A., Oladapo, J. T., & Jooda, D. T. (2024). The interplay of financial literacy on the financial behavior and well-being of young adults: Evidence from Nigeria. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Terapan, 9(1), 120–136. https://doi.org/10.20473/jiet.v9i1.56411
Siyal, S., Ahmad, R., & Ali, S. (2024). Debt trap dynamics: The moderating role of convenience, financial literacy, and religiosity in credit card usage. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(4), 100392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100392
Vieira, K. M., Matheis, T. K., & Maciel, A. M. H. (2023). Risky indebtedness behavior: Impacts on financial preparation for retirement and perceived financial well-being. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16120519
Vieira, K. M., Matheis, T. K., & Rosenblum, T. O. A. (2023). Financial preparation for retirement: Multidimensional analysis of the perception of Brazilians. Revista Contabilidade e Financas, 34(91), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x20221705.en
Wahla, K. U. R., Nazim, M., Rasheed, A., Chaudhry, N., & Abid Hussain Nadeem. (2020). Impact of exponential growth bias and mental budgeting on financial behaviors and financial wellbeing. 14(2), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.24312/20201402019
Wijaya, H. R., Hati, S. R. H., Ekaputra, I. A., & Kassim, S. (2024). The impact of religiosity and financial literacy on financial management behavior and well-being among Indonesian Muslims. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03309-6

Marheni, D. K., & Zikri, A. A. (2025). Factors Affecting the Financial Well-Being of Generation Y and Z in Batam: A Mixed Methods Study. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(12), 1930–1948.