Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Internet Celebrity Self-Brand Attitudes and Purchase Intentions among Malaysian Gen Y Consumers: The Moderating Effect of Willingness to Pay Premium Price

Kee Chiong Wen, Emily Yapp Hon Tshin

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v16-i3/27953

Open access

Purpose: This research investigates the antecedents of consumer attitudes and purchase intentions for internet celebrity self-brands, grounded in Cognitive Consistency Theory. It examines the impact of congruence, authenticity, and involvement, and assesses the moderating role of willingness to pay premium price (WTPPP) in the relationship between brand attitudes and purchase intentions. Design/methodology/approach: Data were screened and prepared using IBM SPSS 27. The proposed conceptual model was then tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4, chosen for its suitability in exploratory studies and complex models. Findings: The expected outcome of this research is to identify factors that facilitate consumers’ attitudes towards internet celebrity self-brands to predict purchase intentions, while moderating effect of willingness to pay premium price on the relationship between brand attitudes and purchase intention. Research limitations/implications: The research is limited by the fast-changing social media landscape and varying effects across product categories. Practical implications: This research offers actionable insights for internet celebrities developing self-brands by elucidating the attitudes, purchase intentions, and price sensitivities of Malaysian Gen Y consumers. The findings guide the creation of authentic brands and strategic pricing models, such as tiered product structures that align with millennial values and financial thresholds, ensuring market viability. Originality/value: To the authors' knowledge, empirical research examining willingness to pay premium price as a moderator in the context of internet celebrity self-brands remains limited. This study addresses this gap by being one of the first to empirically validate this mechanism specifically among Malaysian Generation Y consumers. By repositioning WTPPP from a traditional dependent variable to a critical economic boundary condition, this research challenges prior literature that views it solely as a behavioural outcome. This theoretical shift clarifies how financial valuation functions as a filter, determining when positive attitudes successfully crystallize into purchase intentions.

Aaker, D. A. (2012). Building strong brands. Simon and schuster.
Aaker, J. L. (1997). Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of marketing research, 34(3), 347-356.
Abidin, C. (2018). What Is An Internet Celebrity Anyway? In Internet celebrity: Understanding fame online (pp. 1-18). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Aguinis, H. (2023). Research methodology: Best practices for rigorous, credible, and impactful research. SAGE Publications.
Ahmed, S., Islam, T., & Ghaffar, A. (2024). Shaping brand loyalty through social media influencers: The mediating role of follower engagement and social attractiveness. Sage Open, 14(2), 21582440241242928.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), 179-211.
Al-Mu'ani, L. a., Alrwashdeh, M., Ali, H., & Al-Assaf, K. T. (2023). The effect of social media influencers on purchase intention: Examining the mediating role of brand attitude. International Journal of Data & Network Science, 7(3).
Al Mamun, A., Naznen, F., Yang, Q., Ali, M. H., & Hashim, N. M. H. N. (2023). Modelling the significance of celebrity endorsement and consumer interest on attitude, purchase intention, and willingness to pay a premium price for green skincare products. Heliyon, 9(6).
Alalwan, A. A. (2018). Investigating the impact of social media advertising features on customer purchase intention. International Journal of Information Management, 42, 65-77.
Andrade, C. (2021). The inconvenient truth about convenience and purposive samples. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 43(1), 86-88.
Audrezet, A., De Kerviler, G., & Moulard, J. G. (2020). Authenticity under threat: When social media influencers need to go beyond self-presentation. Journal of business Research, 117, 557-569.
Barari, M. M., Eisend, M., & Jain, S. P. (2025). A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of social media influencers: Mechanisms and moderation. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 1-21.
Belanche, D., Casaló, L. V., Flavián, M., & Ibáñez-Sánchez, S. (2021). Understanding influencer marketing: The role of congruence between influencers, products and consumers. Journal of business Research, 132, 186-195.
Belanche, D., Flavián, M., & Pérez-Rueda, A. (2020). Mobile apps use and WOM in the food delivery sector: the role of planned behavior, perceived security and customer lifestyle compatibility. Sustainability, 12(10), 4275.
Brown, R. (2023). Has The Beauty Influencer Brand Bubble Popped? Beauty Independent. https://www.beautyindependent.com/has-beauty-influencer-brand-bubble-popped/#:~:text=Influencers%20are%20out%20of%20touch,any%20of%20the%20business%20development
Brown, S. P., & Stayman, D. M. (1992). Antecedents and consequences of attitude toward the ad: A meta-analysis. Journal of consumer research, 19(1), 34-51.
Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods. Oxford university press.
Cabeza-Ramírez, L. J., Sánchez-Cañizares, S. M., Santos-Roldán, L. M., & Fuentes-García, F. J. (2022). Impact of the perceived risk in influencers' product recommendations on their followers' purchase attitudes and intention. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 184, 121997.
Chang, H. H., & Liu, Y. M. (2009). The impact of brand equity on brand preference and purchase intentions in the service industries. The Service Industries Journal, 29(12), 1687-1706.
Choi, S. M., & Rifon, N. J. (2012). It is a match: The impact of congruence between celebrity image and consumer ideal self on endorsement effectiveness. Psychology & marketing, 29(9), 639-650.
Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. routledge.
De Veirman, M., Cauberghe, V., & Hudders, L. (2017). Marketing through Instagram influencers: the impact of number of followers and product divergence on brand attitude. International journal of advertising, 36(5), 798-828.
Deng, Y., Wang, X., & Li, D. (2025). How does brand authenticity influence brand loyalty? Exploring the roles of brand attachment and brand trust. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 37(5), 1255-1279.
Dodds, W. B., Monroe, K.B. and Grewal, D. (1991). Effects of price, brand, and store information on buyers’ product evaluations. Journal of marketing research, 28(3), 307-319.
Dogson, L. (2023). An influencer's clothing-brand launch was a huge miss for her followers, so she took the site down. She relaunched it 7 months later with better materials and lower prices. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/madeleine-white-relaunches-see-you-tomorrow-missed-the-mark-2024-12#:~:text=But%20the%20launch%20went%20awry,of%20followers%20on%20social%20media
Edmonds, W. A., & Kennedy, T. D. (2016). An applied guide to research designs: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Sage Publications.
El-Said, O. A. (2020). Impact of online reviews on hotel booking intention: The moderating role of brand image, star category, and price. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33, 100604.
Eng, B., & Jarvis, C. B. (2020). Consumers and their celebrity brands: how personal narratives set the stage for attachment. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 29(6), 831-847.
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior research methods, 41(4), 1149-1160.
Hair, J. F. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). sage.
Hameed, F., Malik, I. A., Hadi, N. U., & Raza, M. A. (2023). Brand awareness and purchase intention in the age of digital communication: A moderated mediation model of celebrity endorsement and consumer attitude. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 13(2), e202309.
Haque, A., Anwar, N., Yasmin, F., Sarwar, A., Ibrahim, Z., & Momen, A. (2015). Purchase intention of foreign products: A study on Bangladeshi consumer perspective. Sage Open, 5(2), 2158244015592680.
Hart, J. (2024). Taylor Swift's 'poor quality' merch and shipping delays has some fans calling for a boycott. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/taylor-swift-fans-merch-quality-concerns-2024-2#:~:text=,merch%20for%20Swift%27s%20upcoming%20album
Holmes, T. A. (2021). Effects of self-brand congruity and ad duration on online in-stream video advertising. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 38(4), 374-385.
Howe, S. (2024). Social Media Statistics for Malaysia [Updated 2024]. Meltwater. https://www.meltwater.com/en/blog/social-media-statistics-malaysia
Immordino-Yang, M. H., Christodoulou, J. A., & Singh, V. (2012). Rest is not idleness: Implications of the brain’s default mode for human development and education. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(4), 352-364.
Insight, R. (2023). Social Media & Influencers: The Game-Changers of College Life! https://insight.rakuten.com/social-media-influencers-the-game-changers-of-college-life/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
iResearchNet. (n.d.). Cognitive consistency. . https://psychology.iresearchnet.com/social-psychology/attitudes/cognitive-consistency/
Junker, F., Walcher, D., & Blazek, P. (2016). Acceptance of online mass customization by generation Y. 7th International Conference on Mass Customization and Personalization in Central Europe,
Keel, A., & Nataraajan, R. (2012). Celebrity endorsements and beyond: New avenues for celebrity branding. Psychology & marketing, 29(9), 690-703.
Kemp, S. (2022). Digital 2022: Malaysia. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-malaysia#:~:text=Data%20published%20in%20Meta%E2%80%99s%20advertising,in%20Malaysia%20in%20early%202022
Kemp, S. (2023a). Digital 2023: Malaysia. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2023-malaysia#:~:text=Facebook%E2%80%99s%20ad%20reach%20in%20Malaysia,at%20the%20start%20of%202023
Kemp, S. (2023b). Digital 2023: Malaysia. DataReportal-Global Digital Insights. In: DataReportal–Global Digital Insights. https://datareportal. com/reports ….
Kemp, S. (2024). Digital 2024: Malaysia. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2024-malaysia#:~:text=,4%C2%A0percent
Kemp, S. (2025). Digital 2025: Malaysia. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2025-malaysia#:~:text=,ages%20of%2025%C2%A0and%C2%A034
Kennedy, A., Baxter, S. M., & Kulczynski, A. (2021). Promoting authenticity through celebrity brands. European journal of marketing, 55(7), 2072-2099.
Ko, S.-H., Choi, Y., & Kim, J. (2021). Customers’ experiences of compassion and brand attitude: evidence from low-cost carriers. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 687155.
Leong, S. Y., Yip, M. Y., Tan, C. H., & Chan, M. S. (2024). Effect of Social Media Influencers on Generation Y Purchase Intention: Evidence From Men’s Skincare Products In Malaysia. International Journal of Management, Finance and Accounting, 5(1), 111-135.
Li, Q., & Chan, K. (2025). Perceived effectiveness of celebrities and online influencers in advertising endorsement among Malaysian young adults. Young Consumers, 26(1), 170-186.
Liew, C. W. S., Ramayah, T., & Karia, N. (2025). Consumption value and context-specific attributes: the moderating effect of social class on Halal cosmetics purchase intention. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 17(2), 447-468.
Lindell, M. K., & Whitney, D. J. (2001). Accounting for common method variance in cross-sectional research designs. Journal of applied psychology, 86(1), 114.
Liu, X., & Zheng, X. (2024). The persuasive power of social media influencers in brand credibility and purchase intention. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1-12.
Lu, L.-C., Chang, W.-P., & Chang, H.-H. (2014). Consumer attitudes toward blogger’s sponsored recommendations and purchase intention: The effect of sponsorship type, product type, and brand awareness. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 258-266.
MacKenzie, S. B. a. L., R.J. (1989). An empirical examination of the structural antecedents of attitude toward the ad in an advertising pretesting context. Journal of marketing, 53(2), 48-65.
Madeline Berg, L. V. (2023). Sephora is dropping the beauty lines of TikTok stars Addison Rae and Hyram Yarbro. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/sephora-addison-raes-item-beauty-hyram-yarbros-selfless-dropping-2023-1#:~:text=It%20looks%20like%20the%20beauty,in%20the%20malls%20of%20America
McCormick, K. (2016). Celebrity endorsements: Influence of a product-endorser match on Millennials attitudes and purchase intentions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 32, 39-45.
Mehraj, D., & Qureshi, I. H. (2022). Does green brand positioning translate into green purchase intention?: A mediation–moderation model. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(7), 3166-3181.
Memon, M., Thurasamy, R., Ting, H., & Cheah, J. (2024). Purposive sampling: A review and guidelines for quantitative research. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling, 9(1), 1-23.
Michel, G., Torelli, C. J., Fleck, N., & Hubert, B. (2022). Self-brand values congruity and incongruity: Their impacts on self-expansion and consumers’ responses to brands. Journal of business Research, 142, 301-316.
Min, J. H. J., Chang, H. J. J., Jai, T.-M. C., & Ziegler, M. (2019). The effects of celebrity-brand congruence and publicity on consumer attitudes and buying behavior. Fashion and Textiles, 6(1), 10.
Moreno, F. M., Lafuente, J. G., Carreón, F. Á., & Moreno, S. M. (2017). The characterization of the millennials and their buying behavior. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 9(5), 135-144.
Mothersbaugh, D. L., & Hawkins, D. I. (2016). Consumer behavior: Building marketing strategy. McGraw-Hill.
Moulard, J. G., Raggio, R.D. and Folse, J.A.G. (2016). Brand authenticity: testing the antecedents and outcomes of brand management’s passion for its products. Psychology & marketing, 33(6), 421-436.
Moulard, J. G., Rice, D. H., Garrity, C. P., & Mangus, S. M. (2014). Artist authenticity: How artists’ passion and commitment shape consumers’ perceptions and behavioral intentions across genders. Psychology & marketing, 31(8), 576-590.
Muda, M., Mohd, R., & Hassan, S. (2016). Online purchase behavior of generation Y in Malaysia. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 292-298.
Mumtaz, A., Ting, H., Ramayah, T., Chuah, F., & Cheah, J. (2017). Editorial,‘a review of the methodological misconceptions and guidelines related to the application of structural equation modelling: a Malaysian scenario’. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling, 1(1), 1-13.
Netemeyer, R. G., Krishnan, B., Pullig, C., Wang, G., Yagci, M., Dean, D., Ricks, J., & Wirth, F. (2004). Developing and validating measures of facets of customer-based brand equity. Journal of business Research, 57(2), 209-224.
Ordun, G. (2015). Millennial (Gen Y) consumer behavior their shopping preferences and perceptual maps associated with brand loyalty. Canadian social science, 11(4), 40-55.
Oreg, S. (2003). Resistance to change: Developing an individual differences measure. Journal of applied psychology, 88(4), 680.
Osgood, C. E., & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1955). The principle of congruity in the prediction of attitude change. Psychological review, 62(1), 42.
Osorio, M. L., Centeno, E., & Cambra-Fierro, J. (2023). An empirical examination of human brand authenticity as a driver of brand love. Journal of business Research, 165, 114059.
Pagla, M. a. B., R. (2014). The development of brand attitudes among young consumers. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 32(6), 687-705.
Papadopoulou, C., Vardarsuyu, M., & Oghazi, P. (2023). Examining the relationships between brand authenticity, perceived value, and brand forgiveness: The role of cross-cultural happiness. Journal of business Research, 167, 114154.
Park, D.-H., Lee, J., & Han, I. (2007). The effect of on-line consumer reviews on consumer purchasing intention: The moderating role of involvement. International journal of electronic commerce, 11(4), 125-148.
Paul, J., & Bhakar, S. (2018). Does celebrity image congruence influences brand attitude and purchase intention? Journal of Promotion Management, 24(2), 153-177.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of applied psychology, 88(5), 879.
Pradhan, D., Duraipandian, I., & Sethi, D. (2016). Celebrity endorsement: How celebrity–brand–user personality congruence affects brand attitude and purchase intention. Journal of Marketing Communications, 22(5), 456-473.
Rai, J. S., Yousaf, A., Itani, M. N., & Singh, A. (2021). Sports celebrity personality and purchase intention: the role of endorser-brand congruence, brand credibility and brand image transfer. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 11(3), 340-361.
Ramachandran, S., & Balasubramanian, S. (2020). Examining the moderating role of brand loyalty among consumers of technology products. Sustainability, 12(23), 9967.
Ramalu, S. (2010). Relationships between cultural intelligence, personality, crosscultural adjustment and job performance amongst expatriates in Malaysia. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University Putra Malaysia.
Rosli, N., Mohamad, A. D. B., Johar, E. R., Hashim, S., & Lim, X.-J. (2025). Beyond borders: The transcendent effect of Korean celebrity credibility on brand perceptions among Malaysian youth-A necessary condition analysis. Heliyon, 11(3).
Safeer, A. A., He, Y., Lin, Y., Abrar, M., & Nawaz, Z. (2023). Impact of perceived brand authenticity on consumer behavior: an evidence from generation Y in Asian perspective. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18(3), 685-704.
Saldanha, N., Mulye, R., & Rahman, K. (2018). Who is the attached endorser? An examination of the attachment-endorsement spectrum. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 43, 242-250.
Sirgy, M. J. (1982). Self-concept in consumer behavior: A critical review. Journal of consumer research, 9(3), 287-300.
Sirgy, M. J., Grewal, D., Mangleburg, T.F., Park, J.O., Chon, K.S., Claiborne, C.B., Johar, J.S. and Berkman, H. (1997). Assessing the predictive validity of two methods of measuring self-image congruence. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25(3), 229-241.
Siyal, S., Ahmed, M. J., Ahmad, R., Khan, B. S., & Xin, C. (2021). Factors influencing green purchase intention: Moderating role of green brand knowledge. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20), 10762.
Taslaud, G. (2025). Malaysia’s 2025 Influencer Market: Statistics, Rates, and Winning Tactics (Influencer Market Insights, Issue. INSG. https://www.insg.co/influencer-marketing-malaysia/#:~:text=1,Sports
Teng, W., Su, Y., Liao, T.-T., & Wei, C.-L. (2020). An exploration of celebrity business ventures and their appeal to fans and non-fans. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 54, 102004.
Thomson, M., MacInnis, D. J., & Whan Park, C. (2005). The ties that bind: Measuring the strength of consumers’ emotional attachments to brands. Journal of consumer psychology, 15(1), 77-91.
Thuy, D. C., Ngoc Quang, N., Huong, L. T., & Phuong, N. T. M. (2024). The moderating effects of involvement on the relationships between key opinion leaders, customer’s attitude and purchase intention on social media. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2400600.
Ticehurst, G. W., & Veal, A. J. (2000). Business Research Methods: A Managerial Approach. Longman. https://books.google.com.my/books?id=u86dQgAACAAJ
Tseng, T. H., & Wang, H.-Y. (2023). Consumer attitudes and purchase intentions towards internet celebrity self-brands: an integrated view of congruence, brand authenticity and internet celebrity involvement. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 32(6), 863-877.
Tutar, H., Erdem, A. T., & Karademir, Ö. (2021). Moderator role of old and new Y generation differences in the effect of perceptions of self-efficiency on decision-making strategies. Management Research Review, 45(5), 619-634.
Venciute, D., Mackeviciene, I., Kuslys, M., & Correia, R. F. (2023). The role of influencer–follower congruence in the relationship between influencer marketing and purchase behaviour. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 75, 103506.
Vijaranakorn, K., & Shannon, R. (2017). The influence of country image on luxury value perception and purchase intention. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 11(1), 88-110.
Wang, C. L., Li, D., Barnes, B. R., & Ahn, J. (2012). Country image, product image and consumer purchase intention: Evidence from an emerging economy. International Business Review, 21(6), 1041-1051.
Wang, W., Yaoyuneyong, G., Sullivan, P., & Burgess, B. W. (2018). A model for perceived destination value and tourists' souvenir intentions. Journal of Applied Marketing Theory, 8(2), 1.
Yang, J., & Battocchio, A. F. (2021). Effects of transparent brand communication on perceived brand authenticity and consumer responses. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 30(8), 1176-1193.
Yang, J., Luo, J. M., & Yao, R. (2025). Elevating cultural celebrity endorsements’ impact in intangible cultural heritage tourism: role of generativity. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1), 1-12.
Yap, Y. R., & Ismail, N. (2022). Factors of virtual influencer marketing influencing Generation Y consumers' purchase intention in Malaysia. International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising, 17(3-4), 437-458.
Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L., & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The behavioral consequences of service quality. Journal of marketing, 60(2), 31-46.
Zhu, X., Teng, L., Foti, L., & Yuan, Y. (2019). Using self-congruence theory to explain the interaction effects of brand type and celebrity type on consumer attitude formation. Journal of business Research, 103, 301-309.

Wen, K. C., & Tshin, E. Y. H. (2026). Internet Celebrity Self-Brand Attitudes and Purchase Intentions among Malaysian Gen Y Consumers: The Moderating Effect of Willingness to Pay Premium Price. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 16(3), 901–923.