ISSN: 2222-6990
Open access
Purpose: This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the environmental effects of Artificial Intelligence (AI), identifying key research forces, collaboration networks, and evolving trends. Design/methodology/approach: This study focuses on English journal articles published between 2015 and 2025 in the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric and knowledge mapping analysis were conducted using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software to analyze the data. Findings: First, the collaboration network exhibits a multi-center structure. However, the network density remains low, suggesting potential for increased international collaboration. Second, research has grown rapidly since 2019, evolving from exploratory studies to practical applications. From 2023 to 2025, the focus shifted toward addressing climate change using AI, with advanced technologies such as deep reinforcement learning and explainable AI gaining prominence. Third, research hotspots include core AI technologies, AI’s impact on energy and carbon management, and its role in sustainable development. Finally, the scope of AI applications is expanding into new areas, such as smart cities and clean energy, alongside growing attention to explainable AI and edge computing. Research limitations/implications: Researchers should strengthen international collaboration, explore advanced techniques like explainable AI and edge computing, and address the dual challenge of maximizing AI’s environmental benefits while minimizing its energy footprint. Practical implications: Practitioners should integrate AI tools such as deep learning and intelligent energy management systems to optimize energy efficiency, reduce carbon emissions, and support green transformation initiatives. Originality/value: This paper contributes by offering a large-scale, systematic, and visual analysis of AI’s environmental effects. The results clarify the current research landscape, highlight hotspots, and map evolving trends.
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