ISSN: 2226-3624
Open access
The study examines the application of Total Quality Management in indigenous commercial banks in Malaysia, focusing on the dimensions of customer focus and continuous improvement. The study combines theoretical perspectives with the practical aspects of indigenous commercial banks in Malaysia, applying Total Quality Management concepts to improve customer satisfaction. The paper adds to existing literature on the wider definition of Total Quality Management as a concept and then examines the relationship between this concept and the practical applications of the selected dimensions to the operations of the indigenous commercial banks in Malaysia. The study is conducted in the form of a literature review; consequently, the empirical validation of the concept presented is not within the scope of this paper.
Addo, S. K., & Ackah, D. (2017), Assessment of the Determinants of Effective Implementation of Total Quality Management Principles on Commercial Banks, Dama, International Journal of Researchers, 2(11), 93- 103
Ahmad, Mohd Fauzi, Zakuan, N., Jusoh, A., Yusof, S. M., Takala, J., & Arif, M. S.M. (2014). Comparative study of TQM practices between Japanese and non- Japanese companies: Proposed conceptual framework. Advanced Materials Research, 903(February), 371–377.
Ajayi, O., & Temidayo, O. (2018). Constraints And Challenges in the Implementation Of Total Quality Management (Tqm) In Contracting Organisation. International Journal of Construction Management 8(1). 1753-1766.
Akhtar, S., Zameer, H., & Saeed, R. (2014). Impact of total quality management on the performance of service organizations in Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Reserach in Economics and Management Sciences, 3(6).
Alawag, A. M., Alaloul, W. S., Liew, M. S., Baarimah, A. O., Musarat, M. A., & Al-Mekhlafi, A. B. A. (2023). The role of the total-quality-management (TQM) drivers in overcoming the challenges of implementing TQM in industrialized-building-system (IBS) projects in Malaysia: experts’ perspectives. Sustainability, 15(8), 6607.
Al-basheer, A., Shawaqfeh, G. N., Mathani, B. A., & Al-Jabari, M. (2015). The impact of Total Quality Management on financial performance "A field study in the Jordan Islamic bank, Irbid Province - Jordan”. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 6(11), 65–82. www.ijbssnet.com
Alghamdi, F. (2018). Total quality management and organizational performance: A possible role of organizational culture. International Journal of Business Administration, 9(4), 186-200.
Alharth, M. M., Jastania, Z. A., & Aziz, A. A. (2017). The Total Quality Management in Banking. Iarjset, 4(5), 159–163.
Al-Ibrahim, A. (2014). Quality Management and Its Role in Improving Service Quality in Public Sector. Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 2(6), 123-147.
Ali, B., Gardi, B., Othman, B., Ahmed, S., Ismael, N., A.hamza, P., Aziz, H., Sabir, B., Sorguli, S. & Anwar, K. (2021). Hotel Service Quality: The Impact of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction in Hospitality. International Journal of Engineering, Business and Management. 5(1). 10.22161/ijebm.5.3.2.
Almasarweh, M. (2023). TQM: Purpose: The study aimed to measure the impact of Total Quality Management (TQM) in terms of processes focus, engagement of workers, and continuous improvement on the performance of information technology startups in Jordan in terms of productivity, customer satisfaction, and profitability, International Journal of Professional Business Review. 8(1). 01-19. 10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i5.1798.
Al-qahtani, N. D., Alshehri, S. S. A., & Aziz, A. A. (2015). The impact of Total Quality Management on organisational performance. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(36), 119-127.
Alzaydi, Z., & Al-Hajla, A., Nguyen, B. & Jayawardhena, C. (2018) A Review of Service Quality and Service Delivery: Towards A Customer Co-Production and Customer-Integration Approach. Business Process Management Journal. 24(1). 295-328. 10.1108/BPMJ-09-2016-0185.
Aminuddin, A. S., Zakaria, I., Mat Halif, M., Mansor, F. A., & Setapa, M. (2022). The Effects of Total Quality Management Practices to Employees’ Job Satisfaction. Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship, 7(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v7i1.18669
Ang, Y., Lee, V., Tan, B., & Chong, A. (2011). The impact of TQM practices on learning organization and customer orientation: A survey of small service organizations in Malaysia. International Journal of Services, Economics and Management. 3(1). 62-77. 10.1504/IJSEM.2011.037178.
Anil, A. P., & Satish, K. P. (2019). An empirical investigation of the relationship between TQM practices, quality performance, and customer satisfaction level. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, 26(1), 96–117.
Aole, R. M., & Gorantiwar, V. S. (2013). Quality gurus: Philosophy and teachings. International journal of research in aeronautical and mechanical engineering, 1(8), 46-52.
Arzubiaga, U., Iturralde, T., Maseda, A., & Kotlar, J. (2018). Entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance in family SMEs: the moderating effects of family, women, and strategic involvement in the board of directors. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 14(1), 217–244.
Asokk, D., Gudda, A., Bhati, P., & Vanishree, C. T. (2021). The impact of employee involvement in decision making on an organisational performance. European Journal of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, 8(1), 1200-1213.
Asikhia, O. (2010). Customer Orientation and Firm Performance among Nigerian Small and Customer Orientation and Firm Performance among Nigerian Small and Medium Scale Businesses. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 2(1). 197- 212
Bank Negara Malaysia. (2025). Bank Negara Malaysia Annual Report 2024. https://www.bnm.gov.my/ar2024
Benzaquen, J., & Charles, V. (2020). A stratified bootstrapping approach to assessing the success of TQM implementation in Peruvian companies. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 33(1-2), 178-201.
Bigliardi, B., & Galati, F. (2014). The implementation of TQM in R&D environments. Journal of Technology Management and Innovation, 9(2), 157–171.
Bolatan, G. ?. S., & Akgul, A. K. (2019). Analysis of the relationship between strategic planning and total quality management. Ça? Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(2), 1-19.
Brah, S. A., Tee, S. S. L., & Rao, B. M. (2002). Relationship between TQM and performance of Singapore companies. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 19(4), 356–379.
Bugdol, M. (2020). The problem of fear in TQM–causes, consequences and reduction methods–a literature review. The TQM Journal, 32(6), 1217-1239.
Cai, S. (2009). The importance of customer focus for organisational performance: A study of Chinese companies. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 26(4), 369–379.
Caroline, N., Harriet, K., & Anne, N. (2016). Top management commitment for successful small and medium-enterprises (SMEs): a hoax or a reality?. European Scientific Journal, 12(4).
Cherrafi, A., Elfezazi, S., Chiarini, A., Mokhlis, A., & Benhida, K. (2016). The Integration of Lean Manufacturing, Six Sigma And Sustainability: A Literature Review And Future Research Directions For Developing A Specific Model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 139(1), 828–846.
Chua, J. L. Y., Eze, U. C., & Goh, G. G. G. (2010, December). Knowledge sharing and total quality management: a conceptual framework. In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (pp. 1107-1111). IEEE.
Chong, A. Y. L., Ooi, K. B., Lin, B., & Teh, P. L. (2010). TQM, knowledge management and collaborative commerce adoption: A literature review and research framework. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 21(5), 457–473.
Deming, W. E. (1986). Out of the crisis. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Advanced Engineering Study.
Deng, J., Zhang, N., Ahmad, F., & Draz, M. U. (2019). Local government competition, environmental regulation intensity and regional innovation performance: An empirical investigation of Chinese provinces. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(12), 2130.
Dimitrantzou, C., Psomas, E., Bouranta, N. & Kafetzopoulos, D. (2021). The role of organisational culture in total quality management adoption and cost of quality. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence. 33(1). 1-19. 10.1080/14783363.2021.1997143.
Elshaer, I. A., & Augustyn, M. M. (2016). Direct effects of quality management on competitive advantage. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 33(9), 1286-1310, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-07-2014-0086
Eriksson, T., Robertson, J., & Näppä, A. (2022). Functional top management teams and marketing organization: exploring strategic decision-making. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 1-18.
Evans, J.R., & Lindsay. W.M. (2002). Management and control of quality, Singapore, Thomson Commitment. Thomson Commitment.
Fauzi, M. (2021). Implementation of Total Quality Management in Creating Competitive Advantage. Journal of Digital Marketing and Halal Industry. 3(1). 179-195. 10.21580/jdmhi.2021.3.2.8644.
Gab?anová, I. (2011). The Employees – The Most Important Asset In The Organisations, Human Resources Management & Ergonomics, 5(1) 30-33
Galli, B., Kaviani, M. & Margulis, C. (2017). Impacts of Change Management on Six Sigma Team Leadership Style, Middle East Journal of Management. 4(1). 10.1504/MEJM.2017.10008292.
Ghassan, G., Maelah, R., Amir, A. M., & Farhan, M. F. (2019). Total quality management and the role of management accountants on organisational performance: the service sector in Malaysia. Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 12(2), 147–178.
Gilmore, A. & Carson, D. (1993). Quality Improvement in a Services Marketing Context. Journal of Services Marketing. 7(1). 59-71. 10.1108/08876049310044583.
Gonzalez Aleu, F. & Van Aken, E. (2016) Systematic literature review of critical success factors for continuous improvement projects. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma. 7(1). 214-232. 10.1108/IJLSS-06-2015-0025.
Grant, R. M., Shani, R., & Krishnan, R. (1994). TQM's challenge to management theory and practice. MIT Sloan Management Review, 35(2), 25–35.
Hackman, J. R., & Wageman, R. (1995). Total quality management: Empirical, conceptual, and practical issues. Administrative science quarterly, 40(2), 240-342
Hafeez, K., Malak, N., & Abdelmeguid, H. (2006). A framework for TQM to achieve business excellence. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 17(9), 1213–1229.
Haque, A., Sarwar, A., Azam, S. M. & Yasmin, F. (2013). Total Quality Management Practices in the Islamic Banking Industry: Comparison between Bangladesh and Malaysian Islamic Bank. International Journal of Ethics in Social Sciences. 2. 5-18.
Hasan, M. M., Siam, S. A. J., & Haque, A. (2023). The significance of customer service in establishing trust and enhancing the reputation of the banking industry in Bangladesh. Business and Economics in Developing Countries, 1(2), 47-51.
Heikkurinen, P., Young, C.W. & Morgan, E. (2019) Business for sustainable change: Extending eco-efficiency and eco-sufficiency strategies to consumers, Journal of Cleaner Production, 218(1), 656-664, ISSN 0959-6526, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.053.
Hendricks, K. B., & Singhal, V. R. (1997). Does implementing an effective TQM program actually improve operating performance? Empirical evidence from firms that have won quality awards. Management Science, 43(9), 1258–1274.
Hermkens, F. (2020). Middle management’responses to continuous improvement initiatives by top management. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management Review, 3(4), 164-176.
Hietschold, N., Reinhardt, R., & Gurtner, S. (2014). Measuring critical success factors of TQM implementation successfully-a systematic literature review. International Journal of Production Research, 52(21), 6254–6272.
Hill, S., & Wilkinson, A. (1995). In search of TQM. Employee Relations, 17(3), 8–25.
Hooda, N., & Kaushik, P. (2018). TQM implementation model for non-TQM industries - An Indian perspective. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9(7), 6–21.
Hussain, M., & Khan, J. (2020). Key Success Factors of Total Quality Management (TQM) for the Hospitality Sector. A Critical Review of the Literature. European Journal of Hotel and Tourism Research, 8(2), 1–17.
Idris, F. (2011). Total quality management (TQM) and sustainable company performances: Examining the relationship in Malaysian firms. International Journal of Business and Society, 12(1), 31–52.
Ifedi, Chibuzo & Haque, Rasheedul & Rahman, Abdul & Qazi, Sayeeduz. (2024). Service Quality Influence on Consumer Satisfaction in the Banking Sector Aimed at Sustainable Growth. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental. 18. e06025. 10.24857/rgsa.v18n7-032.
Jha, Anil. (2024). Total Quality Management and its Implementation in Bureaucracy and Public Organizations.
Jimoh, R., Oyewobi, L., Isa, R., & Waziri, I. (2018). Total quality management practices and organisational performance: the mediating roles of strategies for continuous improvement. International Journal of Construction Management, 19(2), 162-177.
Juran J.M. (1995) Managerial Breakthrough, McGraw-Hill: London.
Kartha, C. P. (2004). A comparison of ISO 9000: 2000 quality system standards, QS9000, ISO/TS 16949 and Baldrige criteria. Total Quality Management Magazine, 16(1), 331-340.
Kaynak, H. (2003). The relationship between total quality management practices and their effects on firm performance. Journal of operations management, 21(4), 405-435.
Kim, L., & Yeo, S. F. (2024). How stress and satisfaction influence customer service quality in banking industry. Heliyon, 10(11).
Kiran, D. R. (2016). Total Quality Management Key Concepts and Case Studies (1st ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann.
Kumar, V., & Sharma, R. R. K. (2015, December). Identifying critical success & failure factors for TQM implementation: extract from real case studies. In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) (pp. 16-20). IEEE.
Kumar, V. & Sharma, R.. (2018). Leadership Styles and their relationship with TQM Focus for Indian Firms: An Empirical Investigation. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. 67. 00-00. 10.1108/IJPPM-03-2017-0071.
Kuo, C. (2016). Effects of Total Quality Management Implementation and Supply Chain Management Capability on Customer Capital. The Journal of Global Business Management, 12(2), 47–60
Lee, V. H., Ooi, K. B., Tan, B. I., & Chong, A. Y. L. (2010). A structural analysis of the relationship between TQM practices and product innovation. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 18(1), 73-96.
Liu, S. S., Luo, X., & Shi, Y. Z. (2002). Integrating customer orientation, corporate entrepreneurship, and learning orientation in organisations-in-transition: an empirical study. International Journal Of Research In Marketing, 19(4), 367-382.
Loeffler, E., & Bovaird, T. (2018). Assessing the effect of co-production on outcomes, service quality and efficiency. In Co-production and co-creation (pp. 269-280). Routledge.
Loon, M. & Chik, R.. (2019). Efficiency-centered, innovation-enabling business models of high tech SMEs: Evidence from Hong Kong. Asia Pacific Journal of Management. 36(1). 10.1007/s10490-017-9558-4.
Madhani, P. M. (2018). Building Customer-Focused Supply Chain Strategy With 4R Model. Journal-Contemporary Management Research, 12(1), 14–32.
Magd, H., & Karyamsetty, H. (2020). Organisational Performance and Sustainability in Manufacturing and Service through TQM Implementation. Open Journal of Business and Management, 08(06), 2775–2804.
Magd, H., Negi, S., & Ansari, M. S. A. (2021). Effective TQM Implementation in the Service Industry: A Proposed Framework. Quality Innovation Prosperity, 25(2), 95–129.
Mambanda, J., Maibvisira, G., & Murangwa, S. I. (2017). Effects of Total Quality Management on the Performance of the Food and Beverages Industry in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Business and Management Invention ISSN, 6(6), 26–36.
Mannan, Z. (2020). Top Management Commitment and Dynamic Leadership: A Human Resource Imperative for Total Quality Management. IX. 10.6084/m9.figshare.14575290.
Marquardt, K. & Olaru, M. & Ceau?u, I. (2017). Study On The Development Of Quality Measurements Models for Steering Business Services in Relation To Customer Satisfaction. Amfiteatru Economic. 19(1). 95-109.
Mathew, K., & Resmi, R. (2021). Impact of Employee Involvement on Organisational Effectiveness in the Banking Sector in Kerala. International Journal of Research and Review, 8(10), 263–270.
Mehra, S., & Ranganathan, S. (2008). Implementing total quality management with a focus on enhancing customer satisfaction. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 25(9), 913–927.
Mendonça, P., Soares, A. D. C., Riana, G., & Da Costa, C. A. de J. (2021). The Influence of Employee Involvement, Work Environment, and Teamwork on Employee Performance (Case Study: Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dili Timor-Leste). Timor Leste Journal of Business and Management, 3(I), 12– 23.
Mercy, R. J., & Choudhary, J. K. (2019). An Exploratory Study On Organizational Factors Affecting Employee Engagement. Clear International Journal of Research in Commerce & Management, 10(1).
Mohd Mokhtar, S. & Yusoff, R. (2010). The influence of top management commitment, process quality management and quality design on new product performance: A case of Malaysian manufacturers. Total Quality Management. 21(1). 291-300. 10.1080/14783360903553198.
Moslehpour, M., Altantsetseg, P., Mou, W., & Wong, W. K. (2018). Organisational climate and work style: The missing links for sustainability of leadership and satisfied employees. Sustainability, 11(1), 1-17.125
Mourougan, S., & Sethuraman, D. K. (2017). Understanding and Implementing Quality Management System. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 19(05), 41–51.
Nair, S., & Ramachandran, A. (2013). Gap Analysis for Implementing TQM in Seafood Exporting Firms. International Journal of Management, 4(4), 49–59.
Nazar, N., Jahan, S., Amoozegar, A., Anjum, T., & Raju, V. (2019). The effects of total quality management practices on corporate social responsibility using supply chain model: A review of Malaysian hotel industry. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 8(6), 1217-1227.
Ngambi, M. T., & Nkemkiafu, A. G. (2015). The impact of total quality management on firm’s organisational performance. American Journal of Management, 15(4), 69-85.
Obeidat, A. M. N. The Impact of Business Intelligence Systems on Continuous Improvement at Qatari Banks. International Journal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS), 6(3), E-ISSN: 2581-5946
Oschman, Jacobus. (2017). The Role of Strategic Planning in Implementing a Total Quality Management Framework: An Empirical View. Quality Management Journal. 24. 41-53. 10.1080/10686967.2017.11918508.
Othman, I., Norfarahhanim, S., Ghani, M., & Woon, S. (2020). The Total Quality Management ( TQM ) Journey of Malaysian building contractors. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 11(3), 697–704.
Pattanayak, D., & Punyatoya, P. (2015). Impact of total quality management on customer satisfaction in Indian banking sector. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, 16(2), 127–147.
Parvadavardini, S., Vivek, N., & Devadasan, S. R. (2016). Impact of quality management practices on quality performance and financial performance: evidence from Indian manufacturing companies. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 27(5-6), 507-530.
Pimentel, L., & Pires, A. R. (2017). The impact of EFQM awards on organizational management. The impact of EFQM awards on organizational management, 657-672.Ray, S. S., & Tripathi, S. (2020). Role of Information Technology and Information System as an Antecedent to Successful Implementation of TQM. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(5), 1010–1016.
Prajogo, D. I., & Sohal, A. S. (2001). TQM and innovation: A literature review and research framework. Technovation, 21(9), 539–558.
Prasad, B. (2001). Total value management — A knowledge management concept for integrating TQM into concurrent product and process development. Knowledge and Process Management, 8(2), 105–122.
Prentice, C., Lopes, S. D., Wang, X., Prentice, C., Lopes, S. D., The, X. W., Prentice, C., & Lopes, S. D. (2020). The impact of artificial intelligence and employee service quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 29(08), 1–18.
Ranasinghe, H. K. G. S., Yajid, M. S. A., Khatibi, A., & Azam, S. F. (2018). A systematic literature analysis on entrepreneurial orientation and business performance. Journal of Business Economics and Finance, 7(3), 269-287.
Ray, S. S., & Tripathi, S. (2017). A review on the classification of total quality management. International Journal of Business Management & Research (IJBMR), 7(4), 9-28.
Rodrigues, M., & Franco, M. (2019). The corporate sustainability strategy in organisations: A systematic review and future directions. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(22), 1-22.
Saeidi, P., Robles, L. A. A., Saeidi, S. P., & Zamora, M. I. V. (2021). How does organisational leadership contribute to the firm performance through social responsibility strategies? Heliyon, 7(7), 1-12, e07672.
Samsudin, S., Taib, C. A. & Yusoff, R. (2020). Internal Communication Pattern In Tqm Manufacturing Organizations in Malaysia, Journal of Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship (GBSE), 6(17).
Sarwar, H., Ishaq, M. I., Amin, A., & Ahmed, R. (2020). Ethical leadership, work engagement, employees’ well-being, and performance: a cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(12), 2008–2026.
Saud, T. R. (2019). Total Quality Management System and Organisation Performance: Mediating Effect of Organisational Learning in Nepali Service Sector. Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research, 4(1), 39–60.
Semuel, H., Siagian, H., & Octavia, S. (2017). The effect of leadership and innovation on differentiation strategy and company performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences, 237(1), 1152-1159.
Setiabudi, Kezia & Siagian, Hotlan & Jiwa, Zeplin. (2021). The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Firm Performance through ERP Systems and Supply Chain Integration in the Food and Beverage Industry. Petra International Journal of Business Studies. 4(1). 65-73. 10.9744/ijbs.4.1.65-73.
Shafique, I., Ahmad, B., & Kalyar, M. N. (2019). How ethical leadership influences creativity and organisational innovation: Examining the underlying mechanisms. European Journal of Innovation Management, 23(1), 114–133.
Shafqat, T., Mushtaq, R., Tahir, Z. & Shaheen, W. (2021). Effects Of Total Quality Management (TQM) On Financial And Non-Financial Performance: Evidence From Higher Educational Sector Of Pakistan. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews. 9(1). 1027-1037. 10.18510/hssr.2021.93101.
Shimi, R. A., Navin, A., Pelanivilo, L., Selvan, A., Sundran, L., Vivagan, A., ... & Adonis, M. N. B. K. The Association between Service Quality and Customer Loyalty on Domestic Commercial Banks in Klang Valley. International journal of Academic Research in Business & Social sciences, 15(01) E-ISSN:2222-6990.
Sila, I. (2007). Examining the effects of contextual factors on TQM and performance through the lens of organisational theories: An empirical study. Journal of Operations Management, 25(1), 83–109.
Singh, V., Kumar, A., & Singh, T. (2018). Impact of TQM on organisational performance: The case of Indian manufacturing and service industry. Operations Research Perspectives, 5(1), 199-217.
Sit, W. Y., Ooi, K. B., Loke, S. P., & Han, G. T. W. (2011). TQM and service quality: a survey of commercial banking industry in Malaysia. International Journal of Services, Economics and Management, 3(1), 78-91.
Snongtaweeporn, T., Siribensanont, C., Kongsong, W. & Channuwong, S. (2020) Total Quality Management in Modern Organizations by Using Participation and Teamwork. Journal of Arts Management 4(3) September – December 2020, 794-805.
Spencer, Y., Adams, C. & Yapa, P. (2013). The mediating effects of the adoption of an environmental information system on top management's commitment and environmental performance. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal. 4(1). 75-102. 10.1108/SAMPJ-10-2011-0030.
Tarigan, Z.J.H. The Effect of Top Management Commitment on Firm Performance through the Green Purchasing and Supplier Relationship Management in 3-Star Hotel Industry in Surabaya. Petra International Journal of Business Studies. https://doi.org/10.9744/IJBS.4.2.169-181
Temtime, Z. T., & Solomon, G. H. (2002). Total quality management and the planning behaviour of SMEs in developing economies. TQM Magazine, 14(3), 181–191.
Wang, F. J., Chich-Jen, S., & Mei-Ling, T. (2010). Effect of leadership style on organizational performance as viewed from human resource management strategy. African Journal Of Business Management, 4(18), 3924.
Wijetunge, Deepani. (2016). Service Quality, Competitive Advantage and Business Performance in Service Providing SMEs in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 6(1). 720-2250.
Williams Jr, R., Morrell, D. & Mullane, J. (2014). Reinvigorating the mission statement through top management commitment. Management Decision. 52(1). 446-459. 10.1108/MD-10-2012-0736.
Yunis, M., Jung, J., & Chen, S. (2013). TQM, strategy, and performance: a firm?level analysis. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 30(6), 690-714.
Zaidi, Z. M., & Ahmad, N. (2020). Total Quality Management (TQM) Practices and Operational Performance in Manufacturing Company. Research In Management Of Technology And Business, 1(1), 13–27.
Jayamana, J., & Kuma, F. K. (2026). Theorizing Total Quality Management to Achieve Customer Focus and Continuous Improvement in Indigenous Commercial Banks in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 15(1), 292–310.
Copyright: © 2026 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode