Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2222-6990

Impact of Green Product Innovation, Green Process Innovation, and Green Competitive Advantage on the Sustainable Performance of Garment Firms in Bangladesh: A Conceptual Framework

Md. Johirul Islam, Hishamuddin Md. Som, Raemah Abdullah Hashim, Md. Siddikur Rahman

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i11/23443

Open access

In recent years, green practices, crucial for ensuring sustainable performance in business activities, have gained special attention in academia and industry. Guaranteeing sustainable performance in the manufacturing industry, especially in the garment industry in Bangladesh, has been a significant concern for the government, policymakers, industrialists, academics, and all other stakeholders in the present society. Hence, understanding the factors contributing to enhancing the garment industry's sustainable performance is crucial. The current study aims to examine the relationships between green product innovation, green process innovation, and firms’ sustainable performance in Bangladesh's garment industry. This study will also examine whether green competitive advantage mediates the abovementioned relationships. Based on previous studies and theories, namely natural resource-based view theory and stakeholder theory, this study proposes a conceptual framework and analyzes relationships between the chosen variables. This study has important implications for all policymakers and future researchers, as not many researchers used the theoretical framework to test the research model. This study draws a novel framework that illustrates the contribution of green competitive advantage to firms’ sustainable performance by implementing green innovation practices in business operations. Furthermore, this study will help practitioners and academics better understand the influencing factors for enhancing and ensuring the sustainable performance of garment firms in Bangladesh.

Abbas, A., Luo, X., Shahzad, F., & Wattoo, M. U. (2023). Optimizing organizational performance in manufacturing: The role of IT capability, green supply chain integration, and green innovation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138848
Abbas, J., & Khan, S. M. (2023). Green knowledge management and organizational green culture: an interaction for organizational green innovation and green performance. Journal of Knowledge Management, 27(7), 1852–1870. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-03-2022-0156
Abid, N., Ceci, F., Ahmad, F., & Aftab, J. (2022). Financial development and green innovation, the ultimate solutions to an environmentally sustainable society: Evidence from leading economies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133223
Acar, C., Dincer, I., & Mujumdar, A. (2022). A comprehensive review of recent advances in renewable-based drying technologies for a sustainable future. Drying Technology, 40(6), 1029–1050. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2020.1848858
Aftab, J., Abid, N., Sarwar, H., & Veneziani, M. (2022). Environmental ethics, green innovation, and sustainable performance: Exploring the role of environmental leadership and environmental strategy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134639
Afum, E., Agyabeng-Mensah, Y., Baah, C., Acquah, I. S. K., & Osei, M. B. (2023). Empirical evidence of SMEs’ ecopreneurship posture, green competitiveness and community-based performance: the neglected missing linkages of green practices. International Journal of Emerging Markets. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-10-2021-1577
Afum, E., Agyabeng-Mensah, Y., Baah, C., Asamoah, G., & Yaw Kusi, L. (2023). Green market orientation, green value-based innovation, green reputation and enterprise social performance of Ghanaian SMEs: the role of lean management. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 38(10), 2151–2169. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-03-2021-0169
Afum, E., Issau, K., Agyabeng-Mensah, Y., Baah, C., Dacosta, E., Essandoh, E., & Agyenim Boateng, E. (2023). The missing links of sustainable supply chain management and green radical product innovation between sustainable entrepreneurship orientation and sustainability performance. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 21(1), 167–187. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEDT-05-2021-0267
Afum, E., Zhang, R., Agyabeng-Mensah, Y., & Sun, Z. (2021). Sustainability excellence: the interactions of lean production, internal green practices and green product innovation. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 12(6), 1089–1114. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLSS-07-2020-0109
Aidara, S., Mamun, A. Al, Nasir, N. A. M., Mohiuddin, M., Nawi, N. C., & Zainol, N. R. (2021). Competitive advantages of the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and economic sustainability performance. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020864
Ali, A., Ma, L., Shahzad, M., Musonda, J., & Hussain, S. (2023). How various stakeholder pressure influences mega-project sustainable performance through corporate social responsibility and green competitive advantage. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29717-w
Almeida, F., & Wasim, J. (2023). Eco-innovation and sustainable business performance: perspectives of SMEs in Portugal and the UK. Society and Business Review, 18(1), 28–50. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBR-12-2021-0233
Al-Shboul, M. A. (2023). Fostering comparative advantage: the roles of data-driven competitive sustainability, green product innovation and green process innovation through moderated-mediation model. Business Process Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-06-2023-0484
Alvarado, R., Cuesta, L., I??k, C., López-Sánchez, M., Flores-Chamba, J., & Rehman, A. (2023). Non-linear effect of manufacturing on an environmental pollution index in Latin America. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(32), 79171–79193.
Andersén, J. (2021). A relational natural-resource-based view on product innovation: The influence of green product innovation and green suppliers on differentiation advantage in small manufacturing firms. Technovation, 104.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102254
Anu, Singh, A. K., Raza, S. A., Nakonieczny, J., & Shahzad, U. (2023). Role of financial inclusion, green innovation, and energy efficiency for environmental performance? Evidence from developed and emerging economies in the lens of sustainable development. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 64, 213–224.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2022.12.008
Baah, C., Agyabeng-Mensah, Y., Afum, E., & Lascano Armas, J. A. (2024). Exploring corporate environmental ethics and green creativity as antecedents of green competitive advantage, sustainable production and financial performance: empirical evidence from manufacturing firms. Benchmarking, 31(3), 990–1008. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-06-2022-0352
Bangladesh Economic Review. (2022). Bangladesh Economic Review 2022. https://mof.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/mof.portal.gov.bd/page/f2d8fabb_29c1_423a_9d37_cdb500260002/Chapter-8%20%28English-2023%29%20.pdf
Bangladesh Planning Commission. (2020). Sustainable Development Goals-Bangladesh Progress Report 2020. Bangladesh Government. https://info.undp.org/docs/pdc/Documents/BGD/SDGs-Bangladesh_Progress_Report%202020.pdf
Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. In Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (Vol. 51, Issue 6, pp. 1173–1182).
Berg, A., Chhaparia, H., Hedrich, S., & Magnus, K.-H. (2021). What’s next for Bangladesh’s garment industry, after a decade of growth? https://www.iafnet.com/2016_01_22/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Whats-next-for-Bangladeshs-garment-industry_McKinsey-Highlighted.pdf
BGMEA. (2020). BGMEA Sustainability Report 2020. https://download.bgmea.com.bd/BGMEA%20Sustainability%20Report%202020.pdf
BGMEA. (2022). The Apparel Story: What Awaits RMG Industry in 2022. https://www.bgmea.com.bd/uploads/newsletters/appare-story-january-february-2022.pdf
Billah, M. M., Alam, S. S., Masukujjaman, M., Ali, M. H., Makhbul, Z. K. M., & Salleh, M. F. M. (2023). Effects of Internet of Things, supply chain collaboration and ethical sensitivity on sustainable performance: moderating effect of supply chain dynamism. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 36(5), 1270–1295. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-06-2022-0213
Bitire, B. B. (2023). Appraisal of climate change mitigation and adaptation regulatory frameworks in Ethiopia and their congruency with the UN climate change convention. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 15(5), 638–651. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-03-2022-0036
Broccardo, L., Truant, E., & Dana, L. P. (2023). The interlink between digitalization, sustainability, and performance: An Italian context. Journal of Business Research, 158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113621
Cantele, S., & Zardini, A. (2018). Is sustainability a competitive advantage for small businesses? An empirical analysis of possible mediators in the sustainability–financial performance relationship. Journal of Cleaner Production, 182, 166–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.016
Cao, Y., You, J., Shi, Y., & Hu, W. (2022). Studies on improving the performance of small and micro enterprises through green innovation. Problemy Ekorozwoju, 17(1), 151–161. https://doi.org/10.35784/pe.2022.1.14
Cheah, J. S. S., Ng, C. H., Fianto, B. A., Teoh, A. P., Gan, C., & Anisha, A. I. I. N. (2024). Green innovation as a strategic imperative for sustainable business performance: Evidence from Malaysian industries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Cleaner Production, 470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143355
Chen, Y. S. (2011). Green organizational identity: Sources and consequence. Management Decision, 49(3), 384–404. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741111120761
Chen, Y. S., Lai, S. B., & Wen, C. T. (2006). The influence of green innovation performance on corporate advantage in Taiwan. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(4), 331–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9025-5
Cherrafi, A., Garza-Reyes, J. A., Kumar, V., Mishra, N., Ghobadian, A., & Elfezazi, S. (2018). Lean, green practices and process innovation: A model for green supply chain performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 206, 79–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2018.09.031
Chiou, T. Y., Chan, H. K., Lettice, F., & Chung, S. H. (2011). The influence of greening the suppliers and green innovation on environmental performance and competitive advantage in Taiwan. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 47(6), 822–836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2011.05.016
Ch’ng, P. C., Cheah, J., & Amran, A. (2021). Eco-innovation practices and sustainable business performance: The moderating effect of market turbulence in the Malaysian technology industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124556
Chowdhury, Md. K. H., Siraj, Md. T., Islam, N., Payel, S. B., & Biswas, D. (2023). Developing a Sustainable Environmental Management Plan: A Case Study of a Readymade Garment Factory. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Manila, Philippines. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369094183_Developing_a_Sustainable_Environmental_Management_Plan_A_Case_Study_of_a_Readymade_Garment_Factory
Dai, X., Siddik, A. B., & Tian, H. (2022). Corporate Social Responsibility, Green Finance and Environmental Performance: Does Green Innovation Matter? Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013607
Dalampira, E.-S., & Nastis, S. A. (2020). Back to the future: Simplifying Sustainable Development Goals based on three pillars of sustainability. International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Management and Informatics, 6(3), 226–240. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSAMI.2020.112089
Dang, V. T., & Wang, J. (2022). Building competitive advantage for hospitality companies: The roles of green innovation strategic orientation and green intellectual capital. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103161
Din, A. U., Yang, Y., Yan, R., Wei, A., & Ali, M. (2024). Growing Success with Sustainability: The Influence of Green HRM, Innovation, and Competitive Advantage on Environmental Performance in the Manufacturing Industry. Heliyon, e30855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30855
Do, B., & Nguyen, N. (2020). The links between proactive environmental strategy, competitive advantages and firm performance: An empirical study in Vietnam. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124962
Elidemir, S. N., Ozturen, A., & Bayighomog, S. W. (2020). Innovative behaviors, employee creativity, and sustainable competitive advantage: A moderated mediation. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12083295
Eng, N., Troy, C. L. C., & Bortree, D. S. (2023). Symbolic and substantive legitimation: examining corporate commitments to sustainable development goal 12. Journal of Communication Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-06-2022-0075
Fan, W., Wang, F., Liu, S., Chen, T., Bai, X., & Zhang, Y. (2023). How does financial and manufacturing co-agglomeration affect environmental pollution? Evidence from China. Journal of Environmental Management, 325.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116544
Fankhauser, S., Bowen, A., Calel, R., Dechezleprêtre, A., Grover, D., Rydge, J., & Sato, M. (2013). Who will win the green race? In search of environmental competitiveness and innovation. Global Environmental Change, 23(5), 902–913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.007
Fanse, T. S. (2022). Resilient and Sustainable Methodology – A Green Manufacturing Project Approach. International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management, 5(5). https://www.ijresm.com
Fatoki, O. (2021). Environmental orientation and green competitive advantage of hospitality firms in south africa: Mediating effect of green innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7040223
Fatonah, S., & Haryanto, A. T. (2022). Exploring market orientation, product innovation and competitive advantage to enhance the performance of SMEs under uncertain events. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 10(1), 161–168. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2021.9.011
Fok, L., Zee, S., & Morgan, Y. C. T. (2022). Green practices and sustainability performance: the exploratory links of organizational culture and quality improvement practices. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 33(5), 913–933. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-11-2021-0439
Fontoura, P., & Coelho, A. (2022). How to boost green innovation and performance through collaboration in the supply chain: Insights into a more sustainable economy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132005
Frare, A. B., & Beuren, I. M. (2022). The role of green process innovation translating green entrepreneurial orientation and proactive sustainability strategy into environmental performance. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 29(5), 789–806. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-10-2021-0402
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Cambridge University Press.
Freeman, R. E., Dmytriyev, S. D., & Phillips, R. A. (2021). Stakeholder Theory and the Resource-Based View of the Firm. Journal of Management, 47(7), 1757–1770. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206321993576
Greenland, S. J., Saleem, M., Misra, R., Nguyen, N., & Mason, J. (2023). Reducing SDG complexity and informing environmental management education via an empirical six-dimensional model of sustainable development. Journal of Environmental Management, 344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118328
Hameed, T., Alemayehu, F. K., & Kumbhakar, S. C. (2024). Green innovation in Norwegian firms: Navigating the complexity of productivity and performance. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123786
Haraguchi, N., Cheng, C. F. C., & Smeets, E. (2017). The Importance of Manufacturing in Economic Development: Has This Changed? World Development, 93, 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.12.013
Hart, S. L. (1995). A Natural Resource-Based View of the Firm. Academy of Management Review, 20(4), 966–1014.
Hart, S. L., & Dowell, G. (2011). A natural-resource-based view of the firm: Fifteen years after. Journal of Management, 37(5), 1464–1479. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310390219
Hasan, Z. (2019). Moderating Role of Quality Governance Between Green Marketing Strategies and Organizational Performance in Malaysia [Doctoral Dissertation, Universiti Putra Malaysia]. UPM e-THESES. http://ethesis.upm.edu.my.ezadmin.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/14661/1/GSM%202019%2025%20T.pdf
He, R., & Wang, X. (2023). Enhancing industrial environmental performance: interplay among environmental sustainability, green HRM, and green competitive advantage. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(46), 103073–103086. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29513-6
Hossain, M. E., Rej, S., Saha, S. M., Onwe, J. C., Nwulu, N., Bekun, F. V., & Taha, A. (2022). Can Energy Efficiency Help in Achieving Carbon-Neutrality Pledges? A Developing Country Perspective Using Dynamic ARDL Simulations. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137537
Hsu, J. L., & Sharma, P. (2023). Disaster and risk management in outdoor recreation and tourism in the context of climate change. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 15(5), 712–728. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-10-2021-0118
Hui, L., Luo, Z., Liu, K., & A, S. (2024). Impact of pollution prevention practices and green environmental practices on sustainable performance: Empirical evidence from Chinese SMEs. Environmental Research, 255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.118991
ILO. (2018). The collapse of Rana Plaza in The Sustainability Compact for the Bangladesh Ready-Made Garment Sector. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---ilo-dhaka/documents/publication/wcms_658138.pdf
Indriana, I., Ismail, N. A., & Rahmat, S. R. (2022). The Effect of Agriculture, Manufacturing and Transportation on Environmental Quality in Indonesian Selected Provinces. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 17(2), 187–204. https://doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2022.02.014
Islam, T., & Halim, Md. A. (2022). Impact of ready-made garments (RMG) industries and sustainability: Perspective of the pandemic period in developing country. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 11, 100567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2022.100567
Johl, S. K., & Toha, M. A. (2021). The nexus between proactive eco?innovation and firm financial performance: a circular economy perspective. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116253
Khairani, S., & Cholid, I. (2022). Environmental performance as a mediating variable relationship between green process innovation and eco-efficiency on corporate sustainability of smes in South Sumatera. Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan Dan Manajemen, 18(18), 268. https://doi.org/10.29264/jinv.v18i0.11261
Khan, M. R., & Roy, S. K. (2023). Do primary HR functions model work in emerging economies? Sustainable compact perspective for Bangladeshi RMG industry. Review of International Business and Strategy, 33(2), 328–341. https://doi.org/10.1108/RIBS-04-2021-0065
Kuzma, E., Padilha, L. S., Sehnem, S., Julkovski, D. J., & Roman, D. J. (2020). The relationship between innovation and sustainability: A meta-analytic study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120745
Larbi-Siaw, O., Xuhua, H., Owusu, E., Owusu-Agyeman, A., Fulgence, B. E., & Frimpong, S. A. (2022). Eco-innovation, sustainable business performance and market turbulence moderation in emerging economies. Technology in Society, 68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101899
Le, T. T. (2022). How do corporate social responsibility and green innovation transform corporate green strategy into sustainable firm performance? Journal of Cleaner Production, 362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132228
Le, T. T., Vo, X. V., & Venkatesh, V. G. (2022). Role of green innovation and supply chain management in driving sustainable corporate performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133875
Lewandowska, M. S., Go??biowski, T., & Rószkiewicz, M. (2022). Eco-innovation, International Competitiveness and Economic Performance of European Union Enterprises: Triangle Approach. European Research Studies Journal, XXV (1), 635–645. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5778-8009
Li, W., Waris, I., & Bhutto, M. Y. (2024). Understanding the nexus among big data analytics capabilities, green dynamic capabilities, supply chain agility and green competitive advantage: the moderating effect of supply chain innovativeness. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 35(1), 119–140. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-07-2023-0263
Liem, V. T., & Hien, N. N. (2024). The impact of managers’ attitudes towards environmental management accounting and green competitive advantage in Vietnam manufacturers. Heliyon, e33565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33565
Lin, J., Zeng, Y., Wu, S., & Luo, X. (Robert). (2024). How does artificial intelligence affect the environmental performance of organizations? The role of green innovation and green culture. Information and Management, 61(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2024.103924
Luo, Y., Salman, M., & Lu, Z. (2021). Heterogeneous impacts of environmental regulations and foreign direct investment on green innovation across different regions in China. Science of the Total Environment, 759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143744
Ma, Y., Yin, Q., Pan, Y., Cui, W., Xin, B., & Rao, Z. (2018). Green product innovation and firm performance: Assessing the moderating effect of novelty-centered and efficiency-centered business model design. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061843
Maldonado-Guzmán, G., Garza-Reyes, J. A., & Pinzón-Castro, S. Y. (2023). Green innovation and firm performance: the mediating role of sustainability in the automotive industry. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-02-2023-0058
Maziriri, E. T., & Maramura, T. C. (2022). Green Innovation in SMEs: The Impact of Green Product and Process Innovation on Achieving Sustainable Competitive Advantage and Improved Business Performance. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 28(1), 1–14.
Medina, H. R. B., Guevara, R., Campoverde, R. E., & Paredes-Aguirre, M. I. (2022). Eco-Innovation and Firm Performance: Evidence from South America. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159579
Mosgaard, M. A., & Kristensen, H. S. (2023). From certified environmental management to certified SDG management: new sustainability perceptions and practices. Sustainable Futures, 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2023.100144
Muisyo, P. K., Qin, S., Ho, T. H., & Julius, M. M. (2022). The effect of green HRM practices on green competitive advantage of manufacturing firms. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 33(1), 22–40. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-10-2020-0388
Mukhsin, M., & Suryanto, T. (2022). The Effect of Sustainable Supply Chain Management on Company Performance Mediated by Competitive Advantage. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020818
Mustafa, K., Hossain, M. B., Ahmad, F., Ejaz, F., Khan, H. G. A., & Dunay, A. (2023). Green human resource management practices to accomplish green competitive advantage: A moderated mediation model. Heliyon, 9(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21830
Nakhle, P., Stamos, I., Proietti, P., & Siragusa, A. (2024). Environmental monitoring in European regions using the sustainable development goals (SDG) framework. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2023.100332
Obeidat, S. M., Abdalla, S., & Al Bakri, A. A. K. (2023). Integrating green human resource management and circular economy to enhance sustainable performance: an empirical study from the Qatari service sector. Employee Relations, 45(2), 535–563. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-01-2022-0041
Onbhuddha, R., & Ogata, S. (2023). The influence of stakeholder on a company’s sustainable practice: Insights from the Japanese perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140402
Qi, G. Y., Shen, L. Y., Zeng, S. X., & Jorge, O. J. (2010). The drivers for contractors’ green innovation: An industry perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(14), 1358–1365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.04.017
Qing, L., Chun, D., Dagestani, A. A., & Li, P. (2022). Does Proactive Green Technology Innovation Improve Financial Performance? Evidence from Listed Companies with Semiconductor Concepts Stock in China. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084600
Rahman, M. (2023). The virtuous circle between green product innovation and performance: The role of financial constraint and corporate brand. Journal of Business Research, 154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.09.001
Rahman, M. S., & Karim, M. M. (2021). Investigating the Relationship between Green Supply Chain Management and Organizational Performance: An Empirical Study from Bangladeshi Perspective. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 10(5). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357477787
Rani, L., Thapa, K., Kanojia, N., Sharma, N., Singh, S., Grewal, A. S., Srivastav, A. L., & Kaushal, J. (2021). An extensive review on the consequences of chemical pesticides on human health and environment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124657
Raza, M. Y., & Hasan, M. M. (2022). Estimating the multiple impacts of technical progress on Bangladesh’s manufacturing and industrial sector’s CO2 emissions: A quantile regression approach. Energy Reports, 8, 2288–2301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.01.005
Razzak, M. R. (2023). Mediating effect of productivity between sustainable supply chain management practices and competitive advantage: evidence from apparel manufacturing in Bangladesh. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 34(2), 428–445. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-01-2022-0022
Rehman, S. U., Giordino, D., Zhang, Q., & Alam, G. M. (2023). Twin transitions & industry 4.0: Unpacking the relationship between digital and green factors to determine green competitive advantage. Technology in Society, 73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102227
Saeidi, S. P., Sofian, S., Saeidi, P., Saeidi, S. P., & Saaeidi, S. A. (2015). How does corporate social responsibility contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of competitive advantage, reputation, and customer satisfaction. Journal of Business Research, 68(2), 341–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.06.024
Salman, S., Ahmed, T., Taqi, H. Md. M., Frederico, G. F., Dip, A. S., & Ali, S. M. (2023). An integrated approach to explore the barriers to lean manufacturing in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for sustainability. International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijieom-02-2023-0027
Saputra, K. A. K., Subroto, B., Rahman, A. F., & Saraswati, E. (2023). Mediation Role of Environmental Management Accounting on The Effect of Green Competitive Advantage on Sustainable Performance. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 18(2), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2023.02.008
Saqib, Z. A., & Zhang, Q. (2021). Impact of sustainable practices on sustainable performance: the moderating role of supply chain visibility. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 32(7), 1421–1443. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-10-2020-0403
Sarfraz, M., Ivascu, L., Abdullah, M. I., Ozturk, I., & Tariq, J. (2022). Exploring a Pathway to Sustainable Performance in Manufacturing Firms: The Interplay between Innovation Capabilities, Green Process and Product Innovations and Digital Leadership. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105945
Setyaningrum, R. P., Kholid, M. N., & Susilo, P. (2023). Sustainable SMEs Performance and Green Competitive Advantage: The Role of Green Creativity, Business Independence and Green IT Empowerment. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151512096
Seyam, S., Dincer, I., & Agelin-Chaab, M. (2023). Environmental impact assessment of a newly developed solid oxide fuel cell-based system combined with propulsion engine using various fuel blends for cleaner operations. Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2022.e00554
Shafait, Z., & Huang, J. (2024). Examining the impact of sustainable leadership on green knowledge sharing and green learning: Understanding the roles of green innovation and green organisational performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142402
Sharma, S., Prakash, G., Kumar, A., Mussada, E. K., Antony, J., & Luthra, S. (2021). Analysing the relationship of adaption of green culture, innovation, green performance for achieving sustainability: Mediating role of employee commitment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127039
Shehzad, K., Xiaoxing, L., Sarfraz, M., & Zulfiqar, M. (2020). Signifying the imperative nexus between climate change and information and communication technology development: a case from Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(24), 30502–30517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09128-x
Shi, R., Gao, P., Su, X., Zhang, X., & Yang, X. (2024). Synergizing natural resources and sustainable development: A study of industrial structure, and green innovation in Chinese region. Resources Policy, 88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.104451
Singh, S. K., Giudice, M. Del, Chierici, R., & Graziano, D. (2020). Green innovation and environmental performance: The role of green transformational leadership and green human resource management. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119762
Song, W., Wang, G. Z., & Ma, X. (2020). Environmental innovation practices and green product innovation performance: A perspective from organizational climate. Sustainable Development, 28(1), 224–234. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1990
Song, W., & Yu, H. (2018). Green Innovation Strategy and Green Innovation: The Roles of Green Creativity and Green Organizational Identity. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(2), 135–150. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1445
Ullah, H., Wang, Z., Mohsin, M., Jiang, W., & Abbas, H. (2021). Multidimensional perspective of green financial innovation between green intellectual capital on sustainable business: the case of Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(4), 5552–5568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15919-7
Umar, M., Khan, S. A. R., Zia-ul-haq, H. M., Yusliza, M. Y., & Farooq, K. (2022). The role of emerging technologies in implementing green practices to achieve sustainable operations. TQM Journal, 34(2), 232–249. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-06-2021-0172
UN. (1992, July 31). A new blueprint for international action on the environment. https://www.un.org/en/conferences/environment/rio1992
UN. (2024, August 17). The 17 Goals. https://sdgs.un.org/goals
UNDP. (2021). A Pathway to Manage Private Sector Impact on Bangladesh National Priority Indicators (NPIs) & Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). https://www.undp.org/bangladesh/stories/undp-and-bgmea-launch-rmg-sector-sustainability-report-pathway-manage-private-sector-impact-bangladesh-national-priority
Wang, M., Li, Y., Li, J., & Wang, Z. (2021). Green process innovation, green product innovation and its economic performance improvement paths: A survey and structural model. Journal of Environmental Management, 297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113282
Wang, X., Zhang, R., Gong, Z., & Chen, X. (2023). Impact of blockchain on the green innovation performance of enterprises under the policy uncertainty. Industrial Management and Data Systems. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-02-2023-0071
Wang, Y. Z., & Ahmad, S. (2024). Green process innovation, green product innovation, leverage, and corporate financial performance; evidence from system GMM. Heliyon, 10(4), e25819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25819
Waqas, M., Honggang, X., Ahmad, N., Khan, S. A. R., & Iqbal, M. (2021). Big data analytics as a roadmap towards green innovation, competitive advantage and environmental performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128998
WB. (2022, January 21). Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP), Employment in industry (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.IND.MANF.ZS
Wong, S. K. S. (2012). The influence of green product competitiveness on the success of green product innovation: Empirical evidence from the Chinese electrical and electronics industry. European Journal of Innovation Management, 15(4), 468–490. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601061211272385
Wonglimpiyarat, J. (2024). Achieving the United Nations sustainable development goals – innovation diffusion and business model innovations. Foresight. https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-11-2023-0233
Xie, X., Huo, J., & Zou, H. (2019). Green process innovation, green product innovation, and corporate financial performance: A content analysis method. Journal of Business Research, 101, 697–706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.01.010
Xin, C., & Wang, Y. (2023). Green intellectual capital and green competitive advantage in hotels: The role of environmental product innovation and green transformational leadership. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 57, 148–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.10.001
Xu, J., Yu, Y., Zhang, M., & Zhang, J. Z. (2023). Impacts of digital transformation on eco-innovation and sustainable performance: Evidence from Chinese manufacturing companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136278
Yadav, S., Samadhiya, A., Kumar, A., Luthra, S., Kumar, V., Garza-Reyes, J. A., & Upadhyay, A. (2024). The interplay effects of digital technologies, green integration, and green innovation on food supply chain sustainable performance: An organizational information processing theory perspective. Technology in Society, 77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102585
Yang, Z., Xiong, Z., Xue, W., & Zhou, Y. (2022). The Impact of Pollution Fee Reform on the Emission of Water Pollutants: Evidence from Manufacturing Enterprises in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710660
Zameer, H., Wang, Y., Vasbieva, D. G., & Abbas, Q. (2021). Exploring a pathway to carbon neutrality via reinforcing environmental performance through green process innovation, environmental orientation and green competitive advantage. Journal of Environmental Management, 296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113383
Zameer, H., Wang, Y., & Yasmeen, H. (2020). Reinforcing green competitive advantage through green production, creativity and green brand image: Implications for cleaner production in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119119
Zameer, H., Wang, Y., Yasmeen, H., & Mubarak, S. (2022). Green innovation as a mediator in the impact of business analytics and environmental orientation on green competitive advantage. Management Decision, 60(2), 488–507. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-01-2020-0065
Zhao, L., Gu, J., Abbas, J., Kirikkaleli, D., & Yue, X. G. (2022). Does quality management system help organizations in achieving environmental innovation and sustainability goals? A structural analysis. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2100436
Zhao, Y., & Zhou, H. (2023). Remanufacturing vs. greening: Competitiveness and harmony of sustainable strategies of supply chain under uncertain yield. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2023.109233
Zhou, S., Tiruneh, W. A., & Legese, M. A. (2023). The effect of corporate social responsibility on environmental performance: the mediating role of green innovation and green human resource management. International Journal of Emerging Markets. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-02-2022-0211

Islam, M. J., Som, H. M., Hashim, R. A., & Rahman, M. S. (2024). Impact of Green Product Innovation, Green Process Innovation, and Green Competitive Advantage on the Sustainable Performance of Garment Firms in Bangladesh: A Conceptual Framework. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(11), 2062–2083.