Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2226-6348

Digital Leadership Proposed Framework Concepts for Teachers

Nurhafizah Abdul Musid, Mohd Effendi Ewan Mohd Matore, Aida Hanim A. Hamid

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v13-i4/24380

Open access

One of the key leadership philosophies that is receiving a lot of attention in schools today is digital leadership. However, very little attention has been paid to developing the framework for digital leadership. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop digital leadership proposed framework concepts based on a systematic review for teachers. A few studies on digital leadership in education were used for this study. Ten key variables were identified to measure the digital leadership of teachers. The most dominant variable in measuring digital leadership is excellence in professional practise, followed by visionary leadership, digital age learning culture and systemic improvement, then digital citizenship, followed by communication, the use of digital technology and public relations. The least dominant variables are learning space and environment, and student learning and engagement. These variables comprise the framework concepts for digital leadership. However, these variables have their own limitations. Firstly, the infrastructure such as the internet and electronic devices such as a tablet, computer or laptop. Secondly, the attitude of administrators and teachers towards this style of leadership is a major problem. Digital leadership will help to improve the educational environment in terms of the most effective teaching and learning methods compatible with the Covid-19 pandemic. In terms of contribution to the body of knowledge, this study provides new variables for researchers interested in measuring digital leadership in teachers. For the future, this study recommends conducting an in-depth study to identify sub-constructs for these ten variables. It is also recommended to investigate the extent of teachers' digital leadership skills as this may help stakeholders in planning the training needed by teachers.

Abdul Musid, N., Mohd Matore, M. E. E., & A. Hamid, A. H. (2024). Face Validity of Situational Judgement Test for Digital Leadership Using Content Validity Ratio. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(5), 12917–12927.
https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i5.5567
Abiodun-Oyebanji, O. J. (2017). Research Variables: Types, Uses and Definition of Terms. In A. O. Jaiyeoba, A. O. Ayeni, & A. I. Atanda (Eds.), Research in Education (pp. 43–55). His Lineage Publishing House. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342897909
Adegun, J. A. (2005). Variables in Educational Research (S. O. Bandele, R. O. Seweje, & M. F. Alonge (eds.)). Premier Publishers.
Agustina, R., Kamdi, W., Hadi, S., Muladi, & Nurhadi, D. (2020). Influence of the Principal’s Digital Leadership on the Reflective Practices of Vocational Teachers Mediated by Trust, Self Efficacy, and Work Engagement. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(11), 24–40. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.11.2
Agustina, R., Kamdi, W., Hadi, S., Muladi, Nurhadi, D., & Umniati, S. (2020). Leadership Selection at Vocational Education Based on Digital Leadership Model Using AHP Method. Proceedings 4th International Conference on Vocational Education and Training, 36–40. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOVET50258.2020.9230124
Aksal, F. A. (2015). Are Headmasters Digital Leaders in School Culture? Education and Science, 40(182), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2015.4534
AlAjmi, M. K. (2022). The Impact of Digital Leadership on Teachers’ Technology Integration during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kuwait. International Journal of Educational Research, 112(101928), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2022.101928
Allen, S. J. (2020). On the Cutting Edge or the Chopping Block? Fostering a Digital Mindset and Tech Literacy in Business Management Education. Journal of Management Education, 44(3), 362–393.
Antonopoulou, H., Halkiopoulos, C., Barlou, O., & Beligiannis, G. N. (2020). Leadership Types and Digital Leadership in Higher Education: Behavioural Data Analysis from University of Patras in Greece. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(4), 110–129. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.4.8
Avidov-Ungar, O., Shamir-Inbal, T., & Blau, I. (2022). Typology of Digital Leadership Roles Tasked with Integrating New Technologies into Teaching: Insights from Metaphor Analysis. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 54(1), 92–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2020.1809035
Ayub, S. H., Manaf, A. N., & Hamazah, M. R. (2014). Leadership: Communicating Strategically in the 21st Century. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 155, 502–506.
Bass, B. M. (2000). The Future of Leadership in Learning Organizations. Journal of Leadership Studies, 7(3), 18–40.
Bekele, D. (2020). Mini Review on Importance of Education and Training in Science, Technology and Innovation in Developing Countries. General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovations, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.15761/gimci.1000185
Briones, R. L., Kuch, B., Liu, B. F., & Jin, Y. (2011). Keeping Up with the Digital Age: How the American Red Cross Uses Social Media to Build Relationships. Public Relations Review, 37(1), 37–43.
Brown, D. H. (1990). Language Assessment: Principles and Classroom Practices. Longman.
Brown, L. (2014). Best Practices of Leadership in Educational Technology. I-Manager’s Journal of Educational Technology, 11(1), 1–6.
Choi, M. (2016). A Concept Analysis of Digital Citizenship for Democratic Citizenship Education in the Internet Age. Theory and Research in Social Education, 44, 565–607.
Çoruk, A. (2018). School Principals’ Opinions about Public Relations Practices on Schools. International Journal of Progressive Education, 14(2), 136–147.
Damayanti, F. P., & Mirfani, A. M. (2021). An Analysis of Digital Leadership in the Pandemic Covid-19 Era. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Research of Educational Administration and Management (ICREAM 2020), 156–159.
Dasruth, J. (2020). Teachers’ Perceptions of Their Principals’ Digital Leadership Practices in Gauteng West. University of Johannesburg.
Dogan, I. (2018). Examination of the Technology Leadership Self-Efficacy Perceptions of Educational Managers in Terms of the Self-Efficacy Perceptions of Information Technologies (Malatya Province Case). Participatory Educational Research, 5(2), 51–66.
Dotter, G., Hedges, A., & Parker, H. (2016). Fostering Digital Citizenship in the Classroom. Education Digest, 82(3), 58–63.
England, K. R. (2018). Leading in a Digital Age: Digital Leaders’ Impact on the Professional Development Culture in a Secondary School Setting. In University of Missouri. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-59379-1%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-420070-8.00002-7%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2015.03.024%0Ahttps://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2018.1441103%0Ahttp://www.chile.bmw-motorrad.cl/sync/showroom/lam/es/
Garcia, A., & Abrego, C. (2014). Vital Skills of the Elementary Principal as a Technology Leaders. Journal of Organizational Learning and Leadership, 12(1), 12–25.
Håkansson Lindqvist, M., & Pettersson, F. (2018). Leading for Digitalization: Exploring the Leadership Perspective. In Linda Morris & Costas Tsolakidis (Eds.), ICICTE 2018, The International Conference on Information Communication Technologies in Education 2018: Proceedings (pp. 371–381). http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-151165
Hamzah, N. H., M. Nasir, M. K., & Abdul Wahab, J. (2021). The Effects of Principals’ Digital Leadership on Teachers’ Digital Teaching during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Malaysia. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 8(2), 216–221.
https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.509.2021.82.216.221
Harris, A. (2009). Distributed Leadership: Different Perspectives (Vol. 7). Springer.
Iivari, N., Sharma, S., & Ventä-Olkkonen, L. (2020). Digital Transformation of Everyday Life – How COVID-19 Pandemic Transformed the Basic Education of the Young Generation and Why Information Management Research Should Care? International Journal of Information Management, 55(102183), 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102183
International Society for Technology in Education. (2009). ISTE Standards for Administrators. https://cdn.iste.org/www-root/Libraries/Images/Standards/Download/ISTE Standards for Administrators%2C 2009 (Permitted Educational Use).pdf
Ismail, S. N., Omar, M. N., & Raman, A. (2021). The Authority of Principals’ Technology Leadership in Empowering Teachers’ Self-Efficacy towards ICT Use. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(3), 878–885.
https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i3.21816
Kane, G. C., Phillips, A. N., Copulsky, J., & Andrus, G. (2019). How Digital Leadership is (n’t) Different. MIT Sloan Management Review, 60(3), 34–39.
Karakose, T., Polat, H., & Papadakis, S. (2021). Examining Teachers’ Perspectives on School Principals’ Digital Leadership Roles and Technology Capabilities during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Sustainability, 13(13448), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313448
Kelleher, T., & Sweetser, K. (2012). Social Media Adoption among University Communicators. Journal of Public Relations Research, 24(2), 105–122.
Khateeb, L. A., Shdaifat, S. A. K., & Shdaifa, N. A. K. (2021). Effectiveness of Communication Techniques in Distance Education and its Impact on Learning Outcomes at Jordanian Universities (Northern Province). International Journal of Higher Education, 10(2), 74–82. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v10n2p74
Lim, C. H., & Teoh, A. P. (2022). Predicting the Influence of Digital Leadership on Performance of Private Higher Education Institutions?: Evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 10(1), 1–38.
Lopez, S. A. (2017). Experiences of Texas Public School Communication Directors in the 21st Century: A Phenomenological Study. Sam Houston State University.
Macatuno-Nocom, N. (2019). Digital Leadership Practices of Select Deans in Philippine State Universities and Colleges: Implications on the 21st Century Education. International Journal of Global Community, 2(1), 1–22.
Makhrus, Sunardi, O., & Retnowati, R. (2022). Increasing Teacher’s Creativity through the Development of Organizational Culture, Empowerment and Visionary Leadership of School Principles. International Journal of Social and Management Studies (IJOSMAS), 3(2), 20–34.
Masrur. (2021). Digital Leadership to Improve the Pedagogical Competence of University English Lecturers in Samarinda. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 12(4), 424–446.
Mat Said, N. A., Bujang, S. M., Buang, N. A., Awang Besar, M. N., & Siraj Ramli, H. H. (2021). Development of Critical Thinking Transfer Practice Construct and Sub-Constructs: A 9-steps Approach. Education in Medicine Journal, 13(4), 85–101.
https://doi.org/10.21315/EIMJ2021.13.4.7
Omar, M. N., & Ismail, S. N. (2021). Empowering Teacher Self-Efficacy on ICT: How does Technology Leadership Play a Role? Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 9(3), 1–22.
Prince, K. A. (2018). Digital Leadership: Transitioning into the Digital Age [James Cook University, Australia]. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25903/5d2bdd672c0e5
Riveros, A. (2015). A Review of Digital Leadership: Changing Paradigms for Changing Times , by E. Sheninger. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 14(4), 490–494.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2015.1026451
Rusnati, I., & Gaffar, M. F. (2021). Implementation of Principal’s Digital Leadership in Communication and Teacher Professional Development at School. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Research of Educational Administration and Management (ICREAM 2020), 90–95. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210212.018
Salamzadeh, A., Hadizadeh, H., & Mortazavi, S. (2021). Realization of Online Entrepreneurship Education based on New Digital Technologies in Iran: A Scenario Planning Approach. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 14(3), 461–480.
Saraih, Wong, S. L., Asimiran, S., & Khambari, M. N. M. (2021). Understanding Digital Public Relations Practices among Exemplar School Principals in Malaysian Schools. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 29(2), 1273–1291.
https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.2.28
Saraih, Wong, S. L., Asimiran, S., & Khambari, M. N. M. (2022). Contemporary Communication Conduit among Exemplar School Principals in Malaysian Schools. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 17(4), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-022-00179-x
Scicluna, P. (2020). Digital Leadership as Manifested by Primary State School Leaders. L-Università ta’ Malta.
Sheninger, E. (2019a). Digital Leadership: Changing Paradigms for Changing Times (Edisi ke-2). SAGE Publications Inc.
Sheninger, E. (2019b). Digital Leadership: Changing Paradigms for Changing Times. Proceedings of 13th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, 10029–10029. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2019.2528
Singh, M. N. (2021). Inroad of Digital Technology in Education: Age of Digital Classroom. Higher Education for the Future, 8(1), 20–30.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2347631120980272
Sterrett, W., & Richardson, J. W. (2020). Supporting Professional Development through Digital Principal Leadership. Journal of Organizational and Educational Leadership, 5(2), 1–19.
Štrukelj, T., Zlatanovi?, D., Nikoli?, J., & Sternad Zabukovšek, S. (2019). A Cyber-Systemic Learning Action Approach towards Selected Students’ Competencies Development. Kybernetes, 48(7), 1516–1533. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-09-2018-0517
Suksai, T., Suanpang, P., & Thangchitcharoenkhul, R. (2021). A Digital Leadership Development Model for School Administrators in Basic Education to Fulfill the Thailand 4 . 0 Policy. PSAKU International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 10(2), 11–20.
Tosuncuoglu, I. (2018). Importance of Assessment in ELT. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(9), 163–167. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i9.3443
Van Laar, E., Van Deursen, A. J., Van Dijk, J. A., & De Haan, J. (2017). The Relation between 21st-Century Skills and Digital Skills: A Systematic Literature Review. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 577–588.
Walters, M. G., Gee, D., & Mohammed, S. (2019). A Literature Review: Digital Citizenship and the Elementary Educator. International Journal of Technology in Education (IJTE), 2(1), 1–21. www.ijte.net
Wekerle, C., Daumiller, M., & Kollar, I. (2022). Using Digital Technology to Promote Higher Education Learning: The Importance of Different Learning Activities and Their Relations to Learning Outcomes. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 54(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2020.1799455
Westerman, G., Bonnet, D., & McAfee, A. (2014). Leading Digital: Turning Technology into Business Transformation. Harvard Business Review Press.
Yusof, M. R., Mohd Yaakob, M. F., & Ibrahim, M. Y. (2019). Digital Leadership among School Leaders in Malaysia. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(9), 1481–1485. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.i8221.078919
Zhong, L. (2017). Indicators of Digital Leadership in the Context of K-12 Education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 10(1), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.18785/jetde.1001.03

Musid, N. A., Matore, M. E. E. M., & Hamid, A. H. A. (2024). Digital Leadership Proposed Framework Concepts for Teachers. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(4), 3757–3767.