Journal Screenshot

International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development

Open Access Journal

ISSN: 2226-6348

Exploring Existential Crises among Poor Academic Performance University Students in Bangladesh

Prodyut Roy, Mohd Mokhtar Muhamad, Muhammad Asyraf Che Amat

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v14-i1/24468

Open access

This study explored the existential crises encountered by university students in Bangladesh through in-depth interviews with 7 students. Existential crises are mental illnesses, but certain characteristics make them distinguishable from psychological issues. The findings were organized into three themes namely anxiety-based existential crises, emotional existential crises, and loss of meaning and purpose. Findings from this research demonstrated that the participants experienced separation anxiety, death anxiety, career anxiety, and fate anxiety. Their encountered existential crises and diverse challenges in university life made them emotionally vulnerable and helpless, and they experienced emotional pain, guilt, and identity crisis. In addition, they viewed their lives as meaningless and realized their end when some of them committed suicidal behaviour. This research contributes to specific topics where the mental health practitioners can address existential crises through interventions, workshops, and psychoeducational programs in higher education.

American College Health Association. (2015). American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2015.
American University. (2022). Undergraduate Academic Rules and Regulations: Effective Catalog Year 2020-2021. https://www.american.edu/provost/undergrad/undergrad-rules-and-regulations.cfm
Bala, S., Hasan, A. K. M., Jewel, Z., & Sarker, P. (2020). Suicidal Ideation Percentage among University Students in Bangladesh. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience, 22(3), 50–54.
Berman, S. L., Weems, C. F., & Stickle, T. R. (2006). Existential Anxiety in Adolescents: Prevalence, Structure, Association with Psychological Symptoms and Identity Development. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, 285–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-006-9032-y
Besharat, M.-A., Khadem, H., Zarei, V., & Momtaz, A. (2020). Mediating Role of Perceived Stress in the Relationship between Facing Existential Issues and Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 15(1), 80–87.
Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
But?nait?, J., Sondait?, J., & Mockus, A. (2016). Components of existential crisis: A theoretical analysis. International Journal of Psychology: A Biopsychosocial Approach, 18, 9–27. https://doi.org/10.7220/2345-024X.18.1
Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2nd ed). Sage Publications, Los Angeles.
Creswell, J. W., & Miller, D. L. (2000). Determining Validity in Qualitative Inquiry. Theory Into Practice, 39(3), 124–130. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip3903_2
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Cypress, B. S. (2017). Rigor or Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research: Perspectives, Strategies, Reconceptualization, and Recommendations. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 36(4), 253–263. https://doi.org/10.1097/DCC.0000000000000253
Dogan, T. (2018). Problem areas of students at a university psychological counselling centre: a 16-year analysis. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 46(4), 429–440.
Eisenberg, D., Hunt, J., & Speer, N. (2013). Mental health in American colleges and universities: variation across student subgroups and across campuses. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 201(1), 60–67.
Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and Society. New York: Norton.
Erlandson, D. A., Harris, E. L., Skipper, B. L., & Allen, S. D. (1993). Doing naturalistic inquiry: A guide to methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Evram, G., & Çakici E?, A. (2020). Investigation of personal factors affecting existential anxiety: A model testing study. Current Psychology, 39(5), 1535–1542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00947-2
Fonseca, J. da. (2011). Ageing-Towards-Death. Existential Analysis: Journal of the Society for Existential Analysis, 22(2), 325–343.
He, H., & Yang, Y. (2015). Path analysis on the influencing factors of suicide ideation among college students. Chinese School Health, 36, 80–83.
Li, P. F. J., Wong, Y. J., McCullough, K. M., Jin, L., & Wang, C. D. C. (2022). Existential Meaninglessness Scale: Scale Development and Psychometric Properties. Journal of Humanistic Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/00221678211072450
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Mamun, M., Rayhan, I., Akter, K., & Griffiths, M. (2020). Prevalence and predisposing factors of suicidal ideation among the university students in Bangladesh: A single-site survey. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction.
Mason, M. (2010). Sample Size and Saturation in PhD Studies Using Qualitative Interviews. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 11(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-11.3.1428
Maxwell, M. J., & Gayle, S. (2013). Counseling adolescent existential issues. VISTAS: Ideas and Research You Can Use.
Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative Research and Case Study Applications in Education. Revised and Expanded from “Case Study Research in Education.” Jossey-Bass Publishers, 350 Sansome St, San Francisco, CA 94104.
Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed). Sage Publications Thousand Oaks, CA.
Pisarik, C. T., Rowell, P. C., & Thompson, L. K. (2017). A phenomenological study of career anxiety among college students. The Career Development Quarterly, 65(4), 339–352. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12112
Rasheduzzaman, M., Al-Mamun, F., Hosen, I., Akter, T., Hossain, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Mamun, M. A. (2022). Suicidal behaviors among Bangladeshi university students: Prevalence and risk factors. PLoS ONE, 17(1), e0262006. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262006
Roy, P., Muhamad, M. M., & Che Amat, M. A. (2023). Existential Crisis among University Students in Bangladesh. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 12(2), 714–729. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v12-i2/16989
Saldaña, J. (2013). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Song, Y. K. (2020). “This Isn’t Being a Doctor.”—Qualitative Inquiry into the Existential Dimensions of Medical Student Burnout. Medical Science Educator, 30(3), 1095–1105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-020-01020-0
Sörberg Wallin, A., Zeebari, Z., Lager, A., Gunnell, D., Allebeck, P., & Falkstedt, D. (2018). Suicide attempt predicted by academic performance and childhood IQ: a cohort study of 26 000 children. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 137(4), 277–286.
Sundler, A. J., Lindberg, E., Nilsson, C., & Palmér, L. (2019). Qualitative thematic analysis based on descriptive phenomenology. Nursing Open, 6(3), 733–739. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1002/nop2.275
The Financial Express. (2022). 101 university students committed suicide in 2021, says report. https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/national/101-university-students-committed-suicide-in-2021-says-report-1643440541
Tillich, P. (1952). The Courage to Be. In New Haven. Yale University Press, New Haven.
Universiti Putra Malaysia. (2003). Graduate Studies Rule 2003 (Rev 2012-2013). https://sgs.upm.edu.my/cari/dokumen?cari=skpsi1_peraturan
University of Dhaka. (2024). Undergraduate Program. https://www.du.ac.bd/index.php/programDetails/THM/198
van Deurzen, E., & Adams, M. (2016). Skills in existential counselling & psychotherapy (2nd ed.). Sage.
Vötter, B. (2020). Crisis of meaning and subjective well-being: The mediating role of resilience and self-control among gifted adults. Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 10(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs10010015
Wang, Y.-H., Shi, Z.-T., & Luo, Q.-Y. (2017). Association of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among university students in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine, 96(13). http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000006476
Yalom, I. D. (1980). Existential Psychotherapy. United States of America: Basic Books.
Yin, R. K. (1994). Case study research: design and methods (2nd ed.). Sage, Thousand Oaks.
Zhu, C., Su, R., Huang, F., & Liu, Y. (2022). Existential isolation and suicide ideation among Chinese college students: a moderated mediation model. Journal of Humanistic Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/00221678221106916

Roy, P., Muhamad, M. M., & Amat, M. A. C. (2025). Exploring Existential Crises among Poor Academic Performance University Students in Bangladesh. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 14(1), 544–559.