ISSN: 2226-6348
Open access
Communication technology is among the most complex and rapidly evolving technologies globally. In the area of interpersonal connectedness, its progress is especially noticeable. Human interaction has evolved to provide faster and more efficient connections than ever before, starting with telephones and telegrams and continuing with computers, satellites, and smartphones. Indeed, both in terms of social ethics and culture, this evolution has had a significant impact on and changed lifestyle norms. Computers and smartphones are now necessary for every person to support both official and informal daily contacts, including those in the workplace, due to the quick growth of communication technologies. The current study was carried out to evaluate the degree of computer literacy in society in accordance with this global upsurge in the use of communication technology. The instrument created by Lau and Yuen (2014) was used in this study, which included 1,228 respondents from the districts of Kota Kinabalu, Sandakan, and Tawau. According to the findings, Sabah's citizens have a high degree of computer literacy. It was discovered that factors including gender, education, income, and work significantly impacted society's level of computer literate.
Ambotang, A. S. (2006). Tahap literasi komputer di kalangan penjawat awam di Sabah. [Unpublished report]. Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Albirini, A. (2006). Teachers’ attitudes toward information and communication technologies: The case of Syrian EFL teachers. Computers & Education, 47(4), 373–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2004.10.013
Al-Rawi, A., & Al-Samarrai, F. (2019). Digital literacy and access equality: A comparative study. Journal of Information Technology and Society, 15(3), 45–59.
Blissmer, R. H. (1985). Computer concepts and applications. John Wiley & Sons.
Tamring, B. A. M. (2021). Pengaruh Sosiologikal Dan Amalan Perkahwinan Campur Ke Atas Tahap Jarak Sosial Dalam Masyarakat bandar, Sabah: Kajian Kes Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Bumiputera Di Kota Kinabalu. Tesis PhD. Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Tidak Diterbitkan.
Tamring, B. A. M., Kamu, A., Ationg, R., Bagang, T. P., Tobi, B., & Gregory, N. A. (2022). Tahap Literasi ICT Masyarakat di Sabah. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 7(4), e001429. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i4.1429
Cambridge Dictionary. (2021). Information and communication technology (ICT). Cambridge University Press. https://dictionary.cambridge.org
Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2018). Sabah statistical yearbook 2018. Putrajaya: DOSM.
Economic Planning Unit. (2021). Household income and poverty report 2020. Prime Minister’s Department, Malaysia.
Eshet-Alkalai, Y. (2004). Digital literacy: A conceptual framework for survival skills in the digital era. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 13(1), 93–106.
European Commission. (2007). Key Competences for Lifelong Learning – A European Reference Framework (Catalogue No. NC-78-07-312-EN-C). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Gilster, P. (1997). Digital literacy. John Wiley & Sons.
Hargittai, E. (2002). Second-level digital divide: Differences in people’s online skills. First Monday, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v7i4.942
Hargittai, E. (2010). Digital na(t)ives? Variation in internet skills and uses among members of the “Net Generation.” Sociological Inquiry, 80(1), 92–113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.2009.00317.
Sainan, H., Marudi, N., & Sulaimah, A. (2012). Teknologi Maklumat ICT. (Daripada) http://www.kumpulan/kawan.blogspot.com/p/test.html 12 April 2012
Saari, H. Z., & Rashid, A. M. (2013). Tahap penggunaan ICT dalam kalangan guru sekolah menengah di Malaysia. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 38(1), 57–68.
Justin, I. D., & Bakar, H. A. (2004). Tahap literasi komputer di kalangan guru di Sabah. [Unpublished report]. Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Jamal, J., & Patricia, P. (2000). Penggunaan ICT di kalangan guru di Sabah. [Unpublished report]. Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
Lai, K. W., & Pratt, K. (2009). Information and communication technology (ICT) in secondary schools: The role of computer coordinators. British Journal of Educational Technology, 35(4), 461–475.
Landell, K. (1977). Management by participation: Designing and implementing a participative system. Harper & Row.
Lau, W. W. F., & Yuen, A. H. K. (2014). Developing and validating a perceived ICT literacy scale for junior secondary school students: Pedagogical and educational implications. Computers & Education, 78, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.04.016
Li, N., & Kirkup, G. (2007). Gender and cultural differences in Internet use: A study of China and the UK. Computers & Education, 48(2), 301–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2005.01.007
Martin, A. (2008). Digital literacy and the “digital society.” In C. Lankshear & M. Knobel (Eds.), Digital literacies: Concepts, policies and practices (pp. 151–176). Peter Lang.
Ibrahim, M. I. (2021, February 22). 100% Internet coverage for Sabah and Sarawak in two years. Berita Harian Online.
Ng, W. (2012). Can we teach digital natives digital literacy? Computers & Education, 59(3), 1065–1078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.04.016
Norman, G. (2010). Likert scales, levels of measurement and the “laws” of statistics. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 15(5), 625–632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-010-9222-y
Nordin, A. B., Abdul Said, A., & Intang, D. J. (2003). Tahap penggunaan komputer di kalangan kakitangan awam Sabah. Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Woo, P. S., Ashari, Z. M., Ismail, Z., & Jumaat, N. F. (2018). Integrating ICT in teaching and learning: Teachers’ readiness in Malaysia. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 6(3), 1–14.
Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1108/10748120110424816
Ramírez, A., Arenas, F. J., & Sánchez, J. (2020). Socioeconomic determinants of digital literacy: Evidence from Latin America. Telematics and Informatics, 51, 101402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101402
Robinson, J. P., Shaver, P. R., & Wrightsman, L. S. (1991). Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes. Academic Press.
Saharia, S. (2021). Digital literacy level among pre-service teachers in Sabah. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 18(2), 55–67.
Sanders, D. H. (1995). Computers today (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Selwyn, N. (2004). Reconsidering political and popular understandings of the digital divide. New Media & Society, 6(3), 341–362. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444804042519
Serhan, D. (2017). Students’ attitudes toward the use of technology in online instruction: Applying the technology acceptance model. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 45(4), 513–526.
Susanto, H. (2003). Komputer dan masyarakat modern. Jakarta: Erlangga.
UNESCO. (2018). Digital literacy global framework. UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Van Dijk, J. (2020). The digital divide. Polity Press.
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
Wan Abdul Fattah, W. S. (2023). Digital literacy among Malaysian students: Urban-rural comparison. Asian Journal of Education and e-Learning, 11(1), 22–36.
Warschauer, M. (2003). Technology and social inclusion: Rethinking the digital divide. MIT Press.
Zaitu, A., Ahmad, H., & Abdullah, S. (2006). Tahap penggunaan komputer di kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah di Sabah. Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Tamring, B. A. M., Kamu, A., Gregory, N. A., Bagang, T. P., Sareya, R., & Azman, M. A. M. (2025). The Influence of Background Factors on the Level of Computer Literacy In Sabah, Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 14(4), 1114–1128.
Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s)
Published by HRMARS (www.hrmars.com)
This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode